Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare nervous system dysfunctions in cancer patients, which are not due to a local effect of the tumour or its metastases. PNS in adults are mainly associated with lung cancer, especially small cell lung cancer, lymphoma and gynaecological tumours. In some cases an overlapping of different clinical syndromes can be observed. Since autoantibodies directed against tumour and nervous system tissue can be observed, an autoimmune aetiology has been suspected in PNS patients. Currently, one group of patients exhibit surface-binding receptor or ion channel autoantibodies which are thought to be pathogenic and many of these patients respond well to immunotherapies. Another group of PNS is associated with highly specific autoantibodies directed against intracellular onconeuronal antigens. The latter group seem to be T-cell-mediated and do not respond well to immunotherapies. The childhood PNS, especially the neuroblastoma-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome also respond to immunosuppressive therapies, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins.
The current review summarizes recent developments in physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Keywords: Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, autoantibodies, treatment, pathophysiology, tumour immunology, antineuronal, cancer patients, small cell lung cancer, onconeuronal antigens, intravenous immunoglobulins.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes - Diagnosis and Management
Volume: 18 Issue: 29
Author(s): Franz Blaes
Affiliation:
Keywords: Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, autoantibodies, treatment, pathophysiology, tumour immunology, antineuronal, cancer patients, small cell lung cancer, onconeuronal antigens, intravenous immunoglobulins.
Abstract: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare nervous system dysfunctions in cancer patients, which are not due to a local effect of the tumour or its metastases. PNS in adults are mainly associated with lung cancer, especially small cell lung cancer, lymphoma and gynaecological tumours. In some cases an overlapping of different clinical syndromes can be observed. Since autoantibodies directed against tumour and nervous system tissue can be observed, an autoimmune aetiology has been suspected in PNS patients. Currently, one group of patients exhibit surface-binding receptor or ion channel autoantibodies which are thought to be pathogenic and many of these patients respond well to immunotherapies. Another group of PNS is associated with highly specific autoantibodies directed against intracellular onconeuronal antigens. The latter group seem to be T-cell-mediated and do not respond well to immunotherapies. The childhood PNS, especially the neuroblastoma-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome also respond to immunosuppressive therapies, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins.
The current review summarizes recent developments in physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Blaes Franz, Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes - Diagnosis and Management, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802502323
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802502323 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A Classification Method for Microarrays Based on Diversity
Current Bioinformatics Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Naturally-occurring Dimers of Flavonoids as Anticarcinogens
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cytotoxic, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Perillyl Alcohol and Its Biotransformation Metabolite on A549 and HepG2 Cancer Cell Lines
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of LEF/TCF Factors in Neoplastic Transformation
Current Molecular Medicine Lessons we Learned from High-Throughput and Top-Down Systems Biology Analyses about Glioma Stem Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hybrid Molecules Incorporating Natural Products: Applications in Cancer Therapy, Neurodegenerative Disorders and Beyond
Current Medicinal Chemistry WT1 Peptide Vaccine as a Paradigm for “Cancer Antigen-Derived Peptide”-Based Immunotherapy for Malignancies: Successful Induction of Anti-Cancer Effect by Vaccination with a Single Kind of WT1 Peptide
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry HIF-1α and Calcium Signaling as Targets for Treatment of Prostate Cancer by Cardiac Glycosides
Current Cancer Drug Targets Analytical Quality by Design Approach for Development of a Validated Bioanalytical UPLC Method of Docetaxel Trihydrate
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 1,2,4-Triazine Analogs as Novel Class of Therapeutic Agents
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Coumarin-Estrogen Conjugates against Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Mitochondria-targeted Resveratrol Derivatives Act as Cytotoxic Pro-oxidants
Current Pharmaceutical Design Application of Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Structure, Function, and Pathogenesis of SHP2 in Developmental Disorders and Tumorigenesis
Current Cancer Drug Targets Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists in Lung Cancer Therapy
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Lycopene Modulation of Molecular Targets Affected by Smoking Exposure
Current Cancer Drug Targets Therapeutic Strategies to Target Multiple Kinases in Glioblastoma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Impact of Gene Expression Profiling on Oncology Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening B7-H3-targeted Radioimmunotherapy of Human Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry