Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), a major component of the chromaffin granules, is co-stored and co-released with catecholamines. It is also expressed in extra-adrenal sites, including the heart. In the rat, CgA localizes in atrial myoendocrine cells, associated with Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), and in the conduction system. In the human heart it is present in the ventricular myocardium, co-localized with B-type NP (BNP). CgA is the precursor of several biologically active peptides generated by proteolytic processing also in the heart. Two of them, vasostatin-1 (VS-1) and catestatin (Cst), inhibit cardiac contraction and relaxation, counter-regulate beta-adrenergic and endothelinergic stimulation, and protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion damages. Recently, clinical studies have suggested CgA to be involved also in cardiovascular pathologies. High plasma CgA levels were found in hypertension, chronic and acute heart failure, myocardial infarction, decompensated and hypertrophic heart, and acute coronary syndromes. These alterations correlate with those of conventional cardiovascular biomarkers, such as NP and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and have prognostic relevance, being indicative of both severity of the disease and mortality. Accordingly, the current knowledge indicates CgA as a multifaceted peptide in cardiovascular homeostasis. Whether the influence elicited by the protein on both normal and failing heart is beneficial and/or detrimental, as well as its implication in the cardiac neuroendocrine scenario is under intense investigation. This review will focus on: i) the involvement of CgA and its derived peptides in the mechanisms which sustain cardiac function and compensation, ii) CgA clinical relevance, and iii) its putative value as a clinical biomarker.
Keywords: Chromogranin-A, Heart, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Acute coronary syndromes, hromaffin granules, catecholamines, Natriuretic Peptide, ventricular myocardium, beta-adrenergic.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Chromogranin-A: A Multifaceted Cardiovascular Role in Health and Disease
Volume: 19 Issue: 24
Author(s): T. Angelone, R. Mazza and M. C. Cerra
Affiliation:
Keywords: Chromogranin-A, Heart, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Acute coronary syndromes, hromaffin granules, catecholamines, Natriuretic Peptide, ventricular myocardium, beta-adrenergic.
Abstract: Chromogranin A (CgA), a major component of the chromaffin granules, is co-stored and co-released with catecholamines. It is also expressed in extra-adrenal sites, including the heart. In the rat, CgA localizes in atrial myoendocrine cells, associated with Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), and in the conduction system. In the human heart it is present in the ventricular myocardium, co-localized with B-type NP (BNP). CgA is the precursor of several biologically active peptides generated by proteolytic processing also in the heart. Two of them, vasostatin-1 (VS-1) and catestatin (Cst), inhibit cardiac contraction and relaxation, counter-regulate beta-adrenergic and endothelinergic stimulation, and protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion damages. Recently, clinical studies have suggested CgA to be involved also in cardiovascular pathologies. High plasma CgA levels were found in hypertension, chronic and acute heart failure, myocardial infarction, decompensated and hypertrophic heart, and acute coronary syndromes. These alterations correlate with those of conventional cardiovascular biomarkers, such as NP and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and have prognostic relevance, being indicative of both severity of the disease and mortality. Accordingly, the current knowledge indicates CgA as a multifaceted peptide in cardiovascular homeostasis. Whether the influence elicited by the protein on both normal and failing heart is beneficial and/or detrimental, as well as its implication in the cardiac neuroendocrine scenario is under intense investigation. This review will focus on: i) the involvement of CgA and its derived peptides in the mechanisms which sustain cardiac function and compensation, ii) CgA clinical relevance, and iii) its putative value as a clinical biomarker.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Angelone T., Mazza R. and C. Cerra M., Chromogranin-A: A Multifaceted Cardiovascular Role in Health and Disease, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 19 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712802430009
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712802430009 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Endothelial Dysfunction in Dyslipidaemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Prostacyclin, Atherothrombosis, and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Toxicities of Immunosuppressive Treatment of Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Downregulation of Membrane-bound Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Receptor has a Pivotal Role in COVID-19 Immunopathology
Current Drug Targets Gender-Specific Relationship Between Uric Acid Levels and Prognosis After Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Current Neurovascular Research Editorial [Hot Topic: Prebiotics and Probiotics: Delivering Therapeutics as Dietary Components (Executive Editor: Colum Dunne)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Angiogenic and Antiangiogenic Factors in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Multiple Functions of Mammalian Germinal Center Kinases
Current Chemical Biology Meet Our Editor
Current Clinical Pharmacology Adipose Tissue: The Link Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Prevention of Vascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Focus on the Arterial Wall
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Potential Use of Grape Phytochemicals for Preventing the Development of Intestine-Related and Subsequent Inflammatory Diseases
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Treatment
Current Hypertension Reviews Prognostic Value of Copeptin in Chronic Kidney Disease: From General Population to End-Stage Renal Disease
Current Protein & Peptide Science Current Evaluation of the Millennium Phytomedicine- Ginseng (II): Collected Chemical Entities, Modern Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications Emanated from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Determinants of the Cardiometabolic Phenotype
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Functional Genomics of the Oxidative Stress Pathway
Current Hypertension Reviews Non-ACE Pathway-induced Angiotensin II Production
Current Pharmaceutical Design Alcohol Drinking, Apolipoprotein Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Neurovascular Research Healthcare Expenditures Related to BMI and Physical Activity Among Diabetic Older People: Cross-sectional Analysis of Sabe Study
Current Diabetes Reviews