Abstract
Cyanide poisoning can present in multiple ways, given its widespread industrial use, presence in combustion products, multiple physical forms, and chemical structures. The primary target of toxicity is mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. The onset and severity of poisoning depend on the route, dose, physicochemical structure and other variables. Common poisoning features include dyspnea, altered respiratory patterns, abnormal vital signs, altered mental status, seizures, and lactic acidosis. Our present knowledge supports cyanide poisoning treatment based on excellent supportive care with adjunctive antidotal therapy. Multiple antidotes exist and vary in regional availability. All currently marketed antidotes appear to be effective. Antidotal mechanisms include chelation, formation of stable, less toxic complexes, methemoglobin induction, and sulfane sulfur supplementation for detoxification by endogenous rhodanese. Each antidote has advantages and disadvantages. For example, hydroxocobalamin is safer than the methemoglobin inducers in patients with smoke inhalation. Research for new, safer and more effective cyanide antidotes continues.
Keywords: Cyanides, antidotes, poisoning, amyl nitrite, cobinamide, edetic acid (dicobalt edetate), 4-dimethylaminophenol, hydroxocobalamin, hydroxyacetone phosphate, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, chemical structures, Multiple antidotes, physicochemical structure.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title:Antidotes for Acute Cyanide Poisoning
Volume: 13 Issue: 10
Author(s): Stephen W. Borron and Frederic J. Baud
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cyanides, antidotes, poisoning, amyl nitrite, cobinamide, edetic acid (dicobalt edetate), 4-dimethylaminophenol, hydroxocobalamin, hydroxyacetone phosphate, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, chemical structures, Multiple antidotes, physicochemical structure.
Abstract: Cyanide poisoning can present in multiple ways, given its widespread industrial use, presence in combustion products, multiple physical forms, and chemical structures. The primary target of toxicity is mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. The onset and severity of poisoning depend on the route, dose, physicochemical structure and other variables. Common poisoning features include dyspnea, altered respiratory patterns, abnormal vital signs, altered mental status, seizures, and lactic acidosis. Our present knowledge supports cyanide poisoning treatment based on excellent supportive care with adjunctive antidotal therapy. Multiple antidotes exist and vary in regional availability. All currently marketed antidotes appear to be effective. Antidotal mechanisms include chelation, formation of stable, less toxic complexes, methemoglobin induction, and sulfane sulfur supplementation for detoxification by endogenous rhodanese. Each antidote has advantages and disadvantages. For example, hydroxocobalamin is safer than the methemoglobin inducers in patients with smoke inhalation. Research for new, safer and more effective cyanide antidotes continues.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
W. Borron Stephen and J. Baud Frederic, Antidotes for Acute Cyanide Poisoning, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2012; 13 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920112802273182
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920112802273182 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Glucocorticoids Involvement in the Control of CNS Excitability
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) An Efficient Synthesis of 7,11-diarylspiro[5.5]undecane-1,9-dione by the Michael Condensation Under Ultrasound Irradiation in Aqueous and Organic Two Phase in the Presence of Phase-Transfer Catalyst
Letters in Organic Chemistry In-hospital Falls in Older Patients: The Risk Factors and The Role of Hyponatraemia
Current Aging Science Current Advances in Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews A Clinician’s Guide to Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Current Psychiatry Reviews Adrenomedullin in Heart Failure: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Implication
Current Hypertension Reviews Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Garlic and Onion (Allium sp.)
Current Nutrition & Food Science Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Carcinoma
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Review of Treatment for Cocaine Dependence
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacological Interactions
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cannabinoids and Cardiovascular Disease: The Outlook for Clinical Treatments
Current Vascular Pharmacology Age-Related Changes and Effects of Mild Hypothermia on Carotid Artery Reactivity in Newborn Rats
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Malformations of the Female Genital Tract and Embryological Bases
Current Women`s Health Reviews Topical Fluoride for Preventing Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Function and Pharmacology of Spinally-Projecting Sympathetic Pre-Autonomic Neurones in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus
Current Neuropharmacology Triphala in Prevention of Dental Caries and as an Antimicrobial in Oral Cavity- A Review
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Therapeutic Effects of Renal Denervation on Renal Failure
Current Neurovascular Research Catheter Ablation of Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antipsychotic and Antiepileptic Drugs in Bipolar Disorder: The Importance of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeted Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy with Peptide Hormones as Radiopharmaceuticals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry