Phytochemicals: A New Approach for Targeting Biomarkers in the Management of Arthritis

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory condition that involves the destruction of bone as well as cartilage architecture and induces extensive joint pain, stiffness and swelling. The condition is characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-α, which results in synovial hyperplasia and pannus formation. Currently, no effective curative treatment is available for RA patients and the existing ones produce numerous unwanted effects. So, phytoconstituents have been considered as a potential source for many such chronic conditions with minimal side effects. Phytomolecules such as Andrographolide, Berberine, Curcumin, Ginsenoside, Hesperidin, Kirenol, Madecassocide and various other polyphenolic compounds are under clinical or pre-clinical trials for their antiarthritic efficacy. Phytochemicals used in the treatment of arthritis target the inflammatory signaling pathway and hyperactive immune reactions. The compounds, in addition to anti-inflammatory activity, also suppress bone erosion and osteoclastic activity. Furthermore, phytomolecules inhibit the release and generation of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines.

Keywords: Anti-arthritic, Antioxidant Autoimmune disease, Collagen induce arthritis, Complete Freund adjuvant, Cytokines, Flavonoids, Free radicals, Inflammation, NF-κB, Nuclear translocation, Pain, Phytochemicals, Phytoconstituents, Polyphenolic, Reactive oxygen Species, Rheumatoid arthritis, Swelling, Synovial hyperplasia, TNF-α.