Hematological Markers: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a morbid hypertensive disease with an onset at >20 weeks of

gestation. It has a global incidence of 2-10%, contributing to a large share of fetal and

maternal mortality. Pathophysiology of the disease is multifaceted with the

involvement of immunological, genetic, and inflammatory factors. Faulty placentation

with abnormal angiogenesis and apoptosis is pivotal with subsequent hypoxia and

oxidative stress leading to widespread systemic inflammation. For years placenta has

been the center of research to elucidate the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of

preeclampsia. Recently numerous circulating immunological, genetic, and

inflammatory markers have emerged as a focus of interest and intrigued the researchers

to mark their contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease. Elevated levels of proinflammatory

factors like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble Endoglin

(sENG), soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), Interleukin 6 (IL-6),

Interleukin 8 (IL-8), and Angiotensin II, etc. have been labeled as contributors to the

maternal endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of preeclampsia. MicroRNAs (the

emerging field of research) belong to the noncoding RNAs that can modulate the

expression of these inflammatory markers. Recent reports on the differential profile of

various microRNAs in preeclampsia have focused on using these as diagnostic and

therapeutic targets. Modifying the expression levels of different genes involved in

inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis can change the clinical picture and

prognosis of the disease.

Keywords: Angiogenesis, Apoptosis, Endothelial dysfunction, Inflammation, Inter Leukins, MiRNAs, Oxidative stress, Preeclampsia, sEndoglin, sFlt-1, Syncytiotrophoblasts, TNF-α.

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DOI https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815039535122050009	Print ISSN 2467-9585
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 2352-3239

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research: Hematology