Generic placeholder image

Current Nutrition & Food Science

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4013
ISSN (Online): 2212-3881

Research Article

Frequency and Causes of Consuming Sports Supplements and Understanding their Side Effects Among Bodybuilders in Fitness Gyms of Kermanshah City

Author(s): Nadya Baharirad, Saeid Komasi, Alireza Khatooni, Farideh Moradi and Ali Soroush*

Volume 15, Issue 7, 2019

Page: [735 - 744] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666181218150450

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, paying attention to sports nutrition, particularly focus on using supplements among athletes is increasing rapidly.

Objectives: This study has been carried out in order to investigate the frequency and causes of consuming supplements and understanding the side effects related to their consumption among bodybuilders in Kermanshah City.

Methods: The samples of this cross-sectional study include teenagers and young adults who are the members of fitness gyms around Kermanshah City. 244 individuals were selected as samples using simple random sampling. In order to gather the required data, a four-sectioned questionnaire designed by the research team was used. The data analysis was done using chi-square, independent ttest, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients by SPSS-20.

Results: The majority of bodybuilders participating in the study (95.3%) have used supplements. The sources suggesting the consumption of supplements included other athletes, the coach, the media, nutrition specialists, and medical doctors, respectively. Generally, 37 types of sports supplements are used by the bodybuilders. Based on their rank, the supplements include vitamin C, Creatine, vitamin E, multivitamin, and iron. The most frequent reasons for consuming sports supplements included muscle building, increasing energy, and improving athletic performance. There is a significant difference between male and female athletes with regards to knowing the psychological and sexual side effects of consuming sports supplements (P<0.05). In general, the level of understanding and knowing the side effects of consuming sports supplements among athletes is not desirable.

Conclusion: Since a significant percentage of athletes, particularly male athletes, have a history of consuming sports supplements, it is necessary that the people related to this issue including athletes, coaches, doctors, and nutrition specialists, get sufficient information about the ingredients, side effects, benefits, and applications of various nutritional supplements. Dysfunctional beliefs about the supplements consumption or non-consumption should be discussed.

Keywords: Belief, bodybuilder, consumption, nutrition, public health, sports supplement.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Nakhaee M, Pakravan M. Prevalence and reasons for nutritional supplement use among athletes in body building gyms, Kerman 2012. Jafsanjan J Med 2014; 12(11): 873-80.
[2]
Jahanian A, Ramazanpour M, Rezaei M. Investigating the prevalence of dietary and pharmaceutical supplemens between sweemer students participating in national championship YAZD 2012. J Sports Med Exerc Sci 2014; 3(12): 1-5.
[3]
Rashidlamir A, Dehbashi S, Taghizadeh S. Study the prevalence of legal and illegal supplements between athlete’s men in Bodybuilders and powerlifting field. Shomal J Manag Pysiol Sport 2014; 2(1): 1-11.
[4]
Koh B, Freeman L, Zaslawski C. Alternative medicine and doping in sports. Australas Med J 2012; 5(1): 18-25.
[5]
Molinero O, Márquez S. Use of nutritional supplements in sports: risks, knowledge, and behavioural-related factors. Nutr Hosp 2009; 24(2): 128-34.
[6]
McDowall JA. Supplement use by young athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2007; 6(3): 337.
[7]
Gregory AJ, Fitch RW. Sports medicine: performance-enhancing drugs. J Sports Sci Med 2007; 54(4): 797-806.
[8]
Kristiansen M, Levy-Milne R, Barr S, Flint A. Dietary supplement use by varsity athletes at a Canadian university. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2005; 15(2): 195-210.
[9]
Kargarfard M, Kashi A. Prevalence of use anabolic androgenic steroid and awareness of Isfahan University students about their side effect. JRUMS 2007; 8(1-2): 73-82.
[10]
El Khoury D, Antoine-Jonville S. Intake of nutritional supplements among people exercising in gyms in Beirut city. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012703490
[11]
Kargarfard M, Kashi A, Molavi H, Sarlak Z. Use of ergogenic aid among body builder athletes: prevalence’s, knowledge, and awareness about their side effect. J Olympic 2006; 14(2): 73-85.
[12]
Braun H, Koehler K, Geyer H, Kleinert J, Mester J, Schänzer W. Dietary supplement use among elite young German athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009; 19(1): 97-109.
[13]
Kim J, Lee N, Kim E-J, Ki S-K, Yoon J, Lee M-S. Anti-doping education and dietary supplementation practice in Korean elite university athletes. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5(4): 349-56.
[14]
Petróczi A, Naughton DP, Pearce G, Bailey R, Bloodworth A, McNamee M. Nutritional supplement use by elite young UK athletes: fallacies of advice regarding efficacy. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2008; 5(1): 22.
[15]
Knapik JJ, Steelman RA, Hoedebecke SS, Austin KG, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Prevalence of dietary supplement use by athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Sports Med 2016; 46(1): 103-23.
[16]
Arazi H, Bazyar F. Prevalence of anabolic steroids abuse and their knowledge and attitude about their negative consequences in bodybuilder athletes in Karaj. JAUMS 2013; 3(1): 48-56.
[17]
Parnell JA, Wiens K, Erdman KA. Evaluation of congruence among dietary supplement use and motivation for supplementation in young, Canadian athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015; 12(1): 49.
[18]
Pasharavesh L, Ramandi M, Khoshboo S, et al. Prevalence of doping agents’ abuse and male bodybuilders’ knowledge about their side effects in Kermanshah gymnasiums (2004). Kermanshah J Med 2008; 11(4): 418-27.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy