Abstract
Background: Certain molecular deviations can lead to the development of breast cancer. For instance, estrogen and estrogen receptors play a significant role in inducing tumor proliferation. However, the efficacy of endocrine therapy through the administration of anti-estrogen drugs, such as Tamoxifen, is challenged by acquired resistance.
Methods: Relevant articles were retrieved from Medline and google scholar. All were screened to select the ones discussing the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis and Tamoxifen resistance. The molecular interactions contributing in the resistant network were studied from the eligible articles.
Results: Tamoxifen resistance occurs as a consequence of over-activated signal transduction pathways such as RTK s dependent cascades. It has been shown that microvessel count was greater in Tamoxifen resistant tissues than in responsive ones.
Conclusion: In this review, the interaction between estrogen, Tamoxifen, VEGF, and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) in Tamoxifen resistant cells has been discussed. VEGF and estrogen-independent growth cascades, especially MAPK have a positive feedback loop in Tamoxifen resistant cells. It has been proposed that over-activated pathways in Tamoxifen resistant cells induce pin1 mediated VEGF over-expression, which in turn result in enhanced activation of MAPK.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, breast cancer, molecular network, tamoxifen resistance, VEGF, MAPK, estrogen.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Induction of cell death in cancer cells by modulating telomerase activity using small molecule drugs
Telomeres are distinctive but short stretches present at the corners of chromosomes and aid in stabilizing chromosomal makeup. Resynthesis of telomeres supported by the activity of reverse transcriptase ribonucleoprotein complex telomerase. There is no any telomerase activity in human somatic cells, but the stem cells and germ cells undergone telomerase ...read more
Role of natural compounds as anti anti-cancer agents
Cancer is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy remains an important approach in treatment o f several types of cancers, even though ...read more
Signaling and enzymatic modulators in cancer treatment
Cancer accounts for nearly 10 million deaths in 2022 and is considered the leading cause of worldwide mortality. Cancer outcome can be improved through an appropriate screening and early detection and through an efficient clinical treatment. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the most important approach for the treatment of several ...read more
Related Journals
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Analytical Chemistry
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Related Books
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
Botanicals and Natural Bioactives: Prevention and Treatment of Diseases
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Objective Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Compilation of Questions and Answers for Pharmaceutics Exam Prep
Biosurfactants: A Boon to Healthcare, Agriculture & Environmental Sustainability
Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular and Endocrine Systems
Frontiers in Computational Chemistry
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents
The Management of Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: An Integrated and Expeditionary Approach
Advances in Dye Degradation
55