Abstract
Background: Pernicious Anemia (PA), the most common cause of cobalamin deficiency anemia worldwide, is an autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiologies involving complex environmental and immunological factors. Although it was first reported by Addison in 1849 with subsequent advances in understanding of pathogenesis and molecular biology, diagnosis of PA is still challenging for clinicians because of its complexity and diverse clinical presentations.
Conclusion: Herein, we provide an overview of PA, mainly focusing on its scientific and practical aspects in diagnosis. We also discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic tools for the evaluation of cobalamin deficiency and PA.
Keywords: Pernicious anemia, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, fundamental aspects, practical approach, cobalamia deficiency.
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Pernicious Anemia: Fundamental and Practical Aspects in Diagnosis
Volume: 15 Issue: 1
Author(s): Aung Myint Tun, Kyaw Zin Thein, Zin War Myint and Thein Hlaing Oo*
Affiliation:
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Section of Thrombosis & Benign Hematology (Unit 1464), 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030,United States
Keywords: Pernicious anemia, pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, fundamental aspects, practical approach, cobalamia deficiency.
Abstract: Background: Pernicious Anemia (PA), the most common cause of cobalamin deficiency anemia worldwide, is an autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiologies involving complex environmental and immunological factors. Although it was first reported by Addison in 1849 with subsequent advances in understanding of pathogenesis and molecular biology, diagnosis of PA is still challenging for clinicians because of its complexity and diverse clinical presentations.
Conclusion: Herein, we provide an overview of PA, mainly focusing on its scientific and practical aspects in diagnosis. We also discuss the limitations of currently available diagnostic tools for the evaluation of cobalamin deficiency and PA.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tun Myint Aung, Thein Zin Kyaw, Myint War Zin and Oo Hlaing Thein*, Pernicious Anemia: Fundamental and Practical Aspects in Diagnosis, Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 15 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525715666170203114632
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871525715666170203114632 |
Print ISSN 1871-5257 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6182 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
A New Approach to the Inflammatory/Autoimmune Diseases
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Natural Killer T Cells as Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Autoimmune Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Insights into the Roles of Endolysosomal Cathepsins in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease: Cathepsin Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Immune Deviation Strategies in the Therapy of Psoriasis
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy Regulatory T Cells and Allergic Disease
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) mTOR Signaling and Metabolic Regulation of T Cells: New Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design HSP60 as a Drug Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sex Steroids in Autoimmune Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pro-inflammatory Cytokines: Cellular and Molecular Drug Targets for Glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis via Osteocyte
Current Drug Targets B-Cell Based Gene Therapy for Inducing Tolerance
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pulmonary Infections in the Era of Biological Agents
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Regulation of B Cell Activation by PECAM-1: Implications for the Development of Autoimmune Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design BX471: A CCR1 Antagonist with Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Man
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Roles of Glycans and Glycopeptides in Immune System and Immune-Related Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry The HLA Region and Autoimmune Disease: Associations and Mechanisms of Action
Current Genomics TNF Superfamily Protein-Protein Interactions: Feasibility of Small- Molecule Modulation
Current Drug Targets Directing an Appropriate Immune Response: The Role of Defense Collagens and other Soluble Pattern Recognition Molecules
Current Drug Targets The Role of STATs in Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Reactive Oxygen Species in the Initiation of IL-4 Driven Autoimmunity as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Prevalence of the Classical and Non-Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets