Abstract
Sex is one of several factors influencing pharmacological responses, but research on its effects on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, although emerging remarkably, remains poor and contains many methodological issues. In this review, the current state of knowledge about sex differences in pharmacokinetics and some hints to pharmacogenomics were evaluated. Moreover, considering that many pharmacological responses are monitored through biomarkers, the influence of sex on some biomarkers has been reported. Finally, we report sex differences in pharmacodynamics, particularly analysing opioids and their use during pregnancy, labor and breastfeeding. In conclusion, a more precise sex- and genderbased approach appears necessary to achieve more evidence-based therapy in men and women.
Keywords: Sex differences, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biomarkers, opioids, pregnancy.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Sex Impact on Biomarkers, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Volume: 24 Issue: 24
Author(s): Flavia Franconi and Ilaria Campesi*
Affiliation:
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23, 07100 Sassari,Italy
Keywords: Sex differences, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biomarkers, opioids, pregnancy.
Abstract: Sex is one of several factors influencing pharmacological responses, but research on its effects on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, although emerging remarkably, remains poor and contains many methodological issues. In this review, the current state of knowledge about sex differences in pharmacokinetics and some hints to pharmacogenomics were evaluated. Moreover, considering that many pharmacological responses are monitored through biomarkers, the influence of sex on some biomarkers has been reported. Finally, we report sex differences in pharmacodynamics, particularly analysing opioids and their use during pregnancy, labor and breastfeeding. In conclusion, a more precise sex- and genderbased approach appears necessary to achieve more evidence-based therapy in men and women.
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Cite this article as:
Franconi Flavia and Campesi Ilaria*, Sex Impact on Biomarkers, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (24) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666161003124616
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666161003124616 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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