Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics is one of the most significant milestones in modern medicine. Upon the advent of the antibiotic era, invasive surgical procedures, which were previously deemed too risky because of the possibility of bacterial infection, became a reality. In the process, medicine as a whole made great strides that led to the rise of the average human life span by almost three decades. Unfortunately, over the course of time bacteria have started to evolve resistance to antibiotic agents being administered, thus rendering many of these drugs ineffective (or on the verge of being ineffective). Today, the number of antibiotic- resistant bacteria continues to escalate and yet the number of new antibiotics being approved for clinical use has drastically decreased. The combination of these two factors has brought about a primary public health crisis for the 21st century. In order to maintain the status quo of modern medicine, new antibiotics need to be discovered and developed. Two emerging new strategies that hold considerable promise is the use of immunomodulator antibiotics and infection tolerance agents. Rather than targeting the bacteria directly, as traditional antibiotics do, these agents function to clear or tolerate infections by interfering with the bacterial colonization process and by stimulating the immune system of infected host. This review focuses on the different types of immunomodulation antibiotics and infection tolerance strategies that have been discovered over the last two decades and the mechanisms by which they act upon the host system to effectively combat bacterial infections.
Keywords: Immuno-modulation, Antibiotic, Drug resistance, Quorum sensing, Infection, Tolerance, Toxin.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Combatting Bacterial Pathogens with Immunomodulation and Infection Tolerance Strategies
Volume: 17 Issue: 3
Author(s): Jonathan M. Fura, Sourav Sarkar, Sean E. Pidgeon and Marcos M. Pires
Affiliation:
Keywords: Immuno-modulation, Antibiotic, Drug resistance, Quorum sensing, Infection, Tolerance, Toxin.
Abstract: The discovery of antibiotics is one of the most significant milestones in modern medicine. Upon the advent of the antibiotic era, invasive surgical procedures, which were previously deemed too risky because of the possibility of bacterial infection, became a reality. In the process, medicine as a whole made great strides that led to the rise of the average human life span by almost three decades. Unfortunately, over the course of time bacteria have started to evolve resistance to antibiotic agents being administered, thus rendering many of these drugs ineffective (or on the verge of being ineffective). Today, the number of antibiotic- resistant bacteria continues to escalate and yet the number of new antibiotics being approved for clinical use has drastically decreased. The combination of these two factors has brought about a primary public health crisis for the 21st century. In order to maintain the status quo of modern medicine, new antibiotics need to be discovered and developed. Two emerging new strategies that hold considerable promise is the use of immunomodulator antibiotics and infection tolerance agents. Rather than targeting the bacteria directly, as traditional antibiotics do, these agents function to clear or tolerate infections by interfering with the bacterial colonization process and by stimulating the immune system of infected host. This review focuses on the different types of immunomodulation antibiotics and infection tolerance strategies that have been discovered over the last two decades and the mechanisms by which they act upon the host system to effectively combat bacterial infections.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Fura M. Jonathan, Sarkar Sourav, Pidgeon E. Sean and Pires M. Marcos, Combatting Bacterial Pathogens with Immunomodulation and Infection Tolerance Strategies, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 17 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666160829160707
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666160829160707 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Monoclonal Antibodies in Allergy; Updated Applications and Promising Trials
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Chemotherapy and Molecular Therapy in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Delivery Systems for Applications in siRNA Technology
Drug Delivery Letters Editorial: [Hot Topic HIV and Substance Abuse]
Current HIV Research Pathophysiology of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Preterm Infant
Current Pediatric Reviews Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Dietary Polyphenols
Current Nutrition & Food Science Lentiviral Delivery of RNAi Effectors Against HIV-1
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Genetic Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry EGFR-Targeting Monoclonal Antibodies in Head and Neck Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Role of Viruses in Neurodegenerative and Neurobehavioral Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Synthesis, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatoy Effects of Antioxidant Acid Amides with GABA and N-Acyl-pyrrolidin-2-ones
Current Chemical Biology iRSpotH-TNCPseAAC: Identifying Recombination Spots in Human by Using Pseudo Trinucleotide Composition With an Ensemble of Support Vector Machine Classifiers
Letters in Organic Chemistry Editorial [Hot Topic: B Lymphocytes as Programmers and Effectors of Immunity, their Roles Beyond Antibody Production (Guest Editor: Simon Fillatreau)]
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Luteolin Regulates Macrophage Polarization via the PI3K/Akt Pathway to Inhibit the Apoptosis Stimulated by Angiotensin II
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Amidine-Based Bioactive Compounds for the Regulation of Arginine Metabolism
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Mechanisms of Neural Stem Cell Fate Determination: Extracellular Cues and Intracellular Programs
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Induction of An Oral Sensitization Model in Rats
Clinical Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Drugs (Discontinued) Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Disturbance, Fibromyalgia, Obesity, and Gastroesophageal Disease in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases
Current Rheumatology Reviews Dual Modulation of Vascular Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Its Potential Correlation with Adiposity/Lipoatrophy-Related Vascular Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: From Multiple Hits to Multiple Therapeutic Targets of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
Current Drug Targets