Abstract
The orexin receptors OX1 and OX2 play important roles in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, feeding, reward and energy homeostasis. Since these G protein-coupled receptors were deorphanised in 1998, more than 200 patents containing orexin receptor antagonists have been filed and, in 2014, suvorexant (Belsomra®) became the first of these compounds to receive approval from the FDA. Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) which is available for the treatment of insomnia. This review provides a historical perspective on the discovery and development of DORAs as well as selective OX1 receptor antagonists (1-SORAs) and selective OX2 receptor antagonists (2-SORAs). 2-SORAs are under clinical evaluation for their ability to modulate sleep, and 1-SORAs have shown promise for the treatment of addiction in pre-clinical animal models. Detailed medicinal chemistry case studies are presented and future opportunities for orexin receptor antagonists are considered.
Keywords: Antagonist, DORA, Insomnia, Orexin, Sleep, SORA, Suvorexant.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Orexin Receptor Antagonists: Historical Perspectives and Future Opportunities
Volume: 16 Issue: 29
Author(s): Stephen P. Andrews, Sarah J. Aves, John A. Christopher and Rebecca Nonoo
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antagonist, DORA, Insomnia, Orexin, Sleep, SORA, Suvorexant.
Abstract: The orexin receptors OX1 and OX2 play important roles in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, feeding, reward and energy homeostasis. Since these G protein-coupled receptors were deorphanised in 1998, more than 200 patents containing orexin receptor antagonists have been filed and, in 2014, suvorexant (Belsomra®) became the first of these compounds to receive approval from the FDA. Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) which is available for the treatment of insomnia. This review provides a historical perspective on the discovery and development of DORAs as well as selective OX1 receptor antagonists (1-SORAs) and selective OX2 receptor antagonists (2-SORAs). 2-SORAs are under clinical evaluation for their ability to modulate sleep, and 1-SORAs have shown promise for the treatment of addiction in pre-clinical animal models. Detailed medicinal chemistry case studies are presented and future opportunities for orexin receptor antagonists are considered.
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Cite this article as:
Andrews P. Stephen, Aves J. Sarah, Christopher A. John and Nonoo Rebecca, Orexin Receptor Antagonists: Historical Perspectives and Future Opportunities, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2016; 16 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666150929111607
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666150929111607 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
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