Abstract
Macular edema (ME) is a common, final pathway for many different ocular and systemic diseases. The most common diseases include: diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vascular disorders (such as central and branch retinal vein occlusion), and uveitis. The complex and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms leading to ME, are still poorly understood. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the genesis of ME, as demontrsated by significant increase of different cytokines and chemokines, (besides vascular endothelial growth factors-VEGF) in ocular fluids. Currently, intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGF drugs are the most used treatments in ME of retinal vascular origin. This review will address the most important (with highest level of scientific evidence and longest followup) results on the use of intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGF drugs, starting from molecular basis to the most updated randomized clinical trials.
Keywords: Macular edema, diabetes mellitus, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, steroids, anti-VEGF.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Controversies in Pharmacological Treatment of Inflammatory Component of Macular Edema
Volume: 21 Issue: 32
Author(s): Stela Vujosevic and Edoardo Midena
Affiliation:
Keywords: Macular edema, diabetes mellitus, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, steroids, anti-VEGF.
Abstract: Macular edema (ME) is a common, final pathway for many different ocular and systemic diseases. The most common diseases include: diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vascular disorders (such as central and branch retinal vein occlusion), and uveitis. The complex and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms leading to ME, are still poorly understood. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the genesis of ME, as demontrsated by significant increase of different cytokines and chemokines, (besides vascular endothelial growth factors-VEGF) in ocular fluids. Currently, intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGF drugs are the most used treatments in ME of retinal vascular origin. This review will address the most important (with highest level of scientific evidence and longest followup) results on the use of intravitreal steroids and anti-VEGF drugs, starting from molecular basis to the most updated randomized clinical trials.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Vujosevic Stela and Midena Edoardo, Controversies in Pharmacological Treatment of Inflammatory Component of Macular Edema, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (32) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150909095645
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150909095645 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Modulation of the Immune System for the Treatment of Glaucoma
Current Neuropharmacology Aflibercept (VEGF-TRAP): The Next Anti-VEGF Drug
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Prospectives for Gene Therapy of Retinal Degenerations
Current Genomics Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide: A Potential Neuroprotective Peptide
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor to Combat Inflammation in Cardio-Cerebral-Vascular Diseases
Current Drug Targets Anti-Angiogenic Treatment for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Strategies are Underway
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Update on Pharmacologic Retinal Vascular Toxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design Critical Questions for Preclinical Trials on Safety and Efficacy of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Based Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Ischemic Stroke
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets An Update on Drug Interactions with the Herbal Medicine Ginkgo biloba
Current Drug Metabolism Why and how do Microbubbles Enhance the Effectiveness of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions in Cerebrovascular Disease?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Monitoring Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: The Role of Biomarkers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Review of and Perspectives on the Toxicology of Graphene-based Materials
Current Drug Metabolism The Rationale for Comparative Studies of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatic Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Extracellular Matrix of Blood Vessels
Current Pharmaceutical Design Erythropoietin in Stroke Therapy: Friend or Foe
Current Medicinal Chemistry Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Drugs as Adjuvant Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy Surgery
Current Diabetes Reviews Insights into the Platelet Releasate
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modern drug delivery systems for targeting the posterior segment of the eye
Current Pharmaceutical Design Angiotensin Peptides and Lung Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor (PEDF) and Cardiometabolic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design