Abstract
Stroke is one of the most-frequent causes of death and the first cause of disability worldwide. Different mechanisms are related to the pathogenesis of stroke, involving multiple biological systems, which are often inter-connected. Besides age, hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke and may also predispose to the development of more subtle cerebral damage based on arteriolar narrowing or pathological microvascular changes. Age and high blood pressure are responsible for silent structural and functional cerebral changes leading to white matter lesions and cognitive impairment. The clinical significance and pathological substrate of white matter lesions are not fully understood. Hypertensive patients have more white matter lesions, which are an important prognostic factor for the development of stroke, cognitive impairment, dementia and death, than normotensive people. Over the past 10 years, strong evidence has emerged that cerebral white matter lesions in hypertensive patients should be considered a silent early marker of brain damage. The mechanisms that would explain all these relationships remain to be elucidated, but available data suggest that arteriosclerosis of the penetrating brain vessels is the main factor in the pathogenesis of ischemic white matter lesions.
Keywords: Arterial stiffness, cerebral small vessel disease, circadian rhythm, essential hypertension, intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, stroke, white matter lesions.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Essential Hypertension, Cerebral White Matter Pathology and Ischemic Stroke
Volume: 21 Issue: 19
Author(s): C. Sierra
Affiliation:
Keywords: Arterial stiffness, cerebral small vessel disease, circadian rhythm, essential hypertension, intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, stroke, white matter lesions.
Abstract: Stroke is one of the most-frequent causes of death and the first cause of disability worldwide. Different mechanisms are related to the pathogenesis of stroke, involving multiple biological systems, which are often inter-connected. Besides age, hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke and may also predispose to the development of more subtle cerebral damage based on arteriolar narrowing or pathological microvascular changes. Age and high blood pressure are responsible for silent structural and functional cerebral changes leading to white matter lesions and cognitive impairment. The clinical significance and pathological substrate of white matter lesions are not fully understood. Hypertensive patients have more white matter lesions, which are an important prognostic factor for the development of stroke, cognitive impairment, dementia and death, than normotensive people. Over the past 10 years, strong evidence has emerged that cerebral white matter lesions in hypertensive patients should be considered a silent early marker of brain damage. The mechanisms that would explain all these relationships remain to be elucidated, but available data suggest that arteriosclerosis of the penetrating brain vessels is the main factor in the pathogenesis of ischemic white matter lesions.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sierra C., Essential Hypertension, Cerebral White Matter Pathology and Ischemic Stroke, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131227155140
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131227155140 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Bioactive Peptides in Preventative Healthcare: An Overview of Bioactivities and Suggested Methods to Assess Potential Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Spirulina in Health Care Management
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Advanced Glycation End Products and Insulin Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endothelial Dysfunction in Metabolic Diseases: Role of Oxidation and Possible Therapeutic Employment of N-acetylcysteine
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effect of Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Inhibitor on Vasomotor Responses
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Effects of Remifentanil on the Cardiac Conduction System. Our Experience in the Study of Remifentanil Electrophysiological Properties
Current Pharmaceutical Design Next Steps in Alzheimers Disease Research: Interaction between Epidemiology and Basic Science
Current Alzheimer Research Non-Hormonal Replacement Therapy Regimens: Do they have an Effect on Cardiovascular Risk?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Meet the Editorial Board:
Current Analytical Chemistry Pleiotropic Effects of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors: Candidate Mechanisms for Anti-Lipid Deposition in Blood Vessels
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Cocaine and Acute Vascular Diseases
Current Drug Abuse Reviews A Review of Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Metabolites and Prodrugs
Drug Metabolism Letters Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Vascular Biology: Possible Therapeutic Strategies to Control Vascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Is α7-nAChR a Possible Target for Lung Cancer and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment?
Current Drug Targets Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and their Role in Patient Selection for Antiangiogenic Therapy
Current Angiogenesis (Discontinued) Hypoglycemia Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation
Current Alzheimer Research Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Chronic Heart Failure: Clinical Implications and Molecular Mechanisms
Current Cardiology Reviews Neuroprotection and Sex Steroid Hormones: Evidence of Estradiol- Mediated Protection in Hypertensive Encephalopathy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacotherapy of Obesity - Benefit, Bias and Hyperbole
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pathophysiological Roles of Renin-Angiotensin System on Erythropoietic Action
Current Hypertension Reviews