Abstract
Methamphetamine and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine are psychoactive recreational hallucinogenic substances with considerable CNS stimulatory effects. Acute or sub-chronic exposure to METH or MDMA can damage several organs. Many different organs may be involve. There is evidence for neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Many of these mechanisms are complex and difficult to explain.
There is emerging consensus that oxidative stress play a paramount role in the molecular toxicity of both METH and MDMA. Free radicals can arise secondary to oxidative deamination of monoamines, cathecolamines autoxidation, hypothermia, lipoperoxidation and even cellular death. There is very little doubt that the toxic effects of METH and MDMA are mediated either by the direct effect of METH and MDMA or by its redox active metabolites. Metabolites formed in liver cells can reach the others organs (heart, kidney, brain, etc) and produce their own toxic effects inducing cellular oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation. The present review is aimed to further clarify the mechanisms of METH and MDMA-induced toxicity, mainly focusing on the role of oxidative stress pathway.
Keywords: Methamphetamine, MDMA, stress oxidative, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity.
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry
Title:The Role of Oxidative Stress in Methamphetamine and MDMA-induced Toxicity
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): Irene Riezzo, Carmela Fiore, Dania De Carlo, Steven B. Karch, Margherita Neri, Turillazzi Emanuela Turillazi and Vittori Fineschi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Methamphetamine, MDMA, stress oxidative, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity.
Abstract: Methamphetamine and 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine are psychoactive recreational hallucinogenic substances with considerable CNS stimulatory effects. Acute or sub-chronic exposure to METH or MDMA can damage several organs. Many different organs may be involve. There is evidence for neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Many of these mechanisms are complex and difficult to explain.
There is emerging consensus that oxidative stress play a paramount role in the molecular toxicity of both METH and MDMA. Free radicals can arise secondary to oxidative deamination of monoamines, cathecolamines autoxidation, hypothermia, lipoperoxidation and even cellular death. There is very little doubt that the toxic effects of METH and MDMA are mediated either by the direct effect of METH and MDMA or by its redox active metabolites. Metabolites formed in liver cells can reach the others organs (heart, kidney, brain, etc) and produce their own toxic effects inducing cellular oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation. The present review is aimed to further clarify the mechanisms of METH and MDMA-induced toxicity, mainly focusing on the role of oxidative stress pathway.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Riezzo Irene, Fiore Carmela, Carlo De Dania, Karch B. Steven, Neri Margherita, Turillazi Emanuela Turillazzi and Fineschi Vittori, The Role of Oxidative Stress in Methamphetamine and MDMA-induced Toxicity, Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 2013; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193X113106660029
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193X113106660029 |
Print ISSN 1570-193X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6298 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Applications of Molecular Descriptors in Physicochemical Properties Research of Organic Compounds
Chemical graph theory is concerned with all aspects of the application of graph theory to various areas of chemistry, including organic, theoretical, mathematical, and computational chemistry, as well as in bioinformatics and computational biology. By the use of the term chemical it is emphasized that one is allowed in chemical ...read more
Navigating the 2D Universe in Organic Chemistry
This special issue explores the transformative impact of two-dimensional (2D) materials on the realm of organic chemistry, unraveling new possibilities for synthesis, functionalization, and applications of organic compounds. Focused on the unique chemistry within this novel dimension, the issue highlights breakthroughs in the field of 2D organic chemistry. Contributions are ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Heart Failure ∼Novel Pathophysiological Insight and Treatment Strategies∼
Current Cardiology Reviews Subject Index to Volume 2
Current Vascular Pharmacology Beyond the Cardiac Myofilament: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- Associated Mutations in Genes that Encode Calcium-Handling Proteins
Current Molecular Medicine Stem Cells as In Vitro Models of Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Doxorubicin: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Effect
Current Medicinal Chemistry Protein O-GlcNAcylation: A Critical Regulator of the Cellular Response to Stress
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Editorial [Hot Topic: Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Epidemiology and Characteristics of Hypertension-Related Disorders (Executive Guest Editor: Aurelio Leone)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism and Cardiac Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Failure
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents A Review on the Sex Differences in Organ and System Pathology with Alcohol Drinking
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Chemotherapy and Potential Drug Targets: New Pieces for an Old Puzzle
Current Drug Targets The Role of Flavonoids in Inhibiting IL-6 and Inflammatory Arthritis
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Principles and Therapeutic Relevance for Targeting Mitochondria in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Stem Cell Therapy in Chronic Ischemic Heart Dysfunction with and Without Viability
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Current Advances in the Synthesis and Antitumoral Activity of SIRT1-2 Inhibitors by Modulation of p53 and Pro-Apoptotic Proteins
Current Medicinal Chemistry Diabetes and Heart Failure: Is it Hyperglycemia or Hyperinsulinemia?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial (Heart Failure: The Need for Global Health Perspective)
Current Cardiology Reviews Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Role of Vitamins, and Herbal Extracts in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Risks
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry L-Carnitine - Metabolic Functions and Meaning in Humans Life
Current Drug Metabolism Trends in Mitochondrial Therapeutics for Neurological Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry