Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) is a member of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) family and plays critical roles in organ development processes including bone, cartilage, ligament, and joint formation. GDF5 is expressed in the cartilage primordium in the early limb development, and in the interzone of joint formation sites. GDF5 is also observed in adult tissue and cell lines. This spatialtemporal expression pattern of GDF5 proves its essential role in the formation of bone and cartilage. Similar to other members of BMPs, the signaling cascade of GDF5 is originated through binding to type I and type II receptors and thus regulating the downstream intracellular biochemical processes. Mutations of GDF5 are associated with several human and animal diseases that are characterized by skeletal deformity such as short digits and short limbs. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that overexpression of GDF5 or administration of recombinant protein promotes chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, a promising feature of GDF5 is osteoinduction, which is used in tissue engineering for bone repair with or without a carrier in animal platforms and in human preclinical settings. The exciting results signify that GDF5 is a compelling candidate for bone tissue engineering by enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus the discussion on the basic structure, signaling pathways, function in cartilage and bone formation, and potential clinical application of GDF5 in bone tissue regeneration.
Keywords: GDF5, BMP, bone tissue engineering and regeneration, bone formation, joint formation, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Growth Differentiation Factor 5 Regulation in Bone Regeneration
Volume: 19 Issue: 19
Author(s): Li Jin and Xudong Li
Affiliation:
Keywords: GDF5, BMP, bone tissue engineering and regeneration, bone formation, joint formation, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis.
Abstract: Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) is a member of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) family and plays critical roles in organ development processes including bone, cartilage, ligament, and joint formation. GDF5 is expressed in the cartilage primordium in the early limb development, and in the interzone of joint formation sites. GDF5 is also observed in adult tissue and cell lines. This spatialtemporal expression pattern of GDF5 proves its essential role in the formation of bone and cartilage. Similar to other members of BMPs, the signaling cascade of GDF5 is originated through binding to type I and type II receptors and thus regulating the downstream intracellular biochemical processes. Mutations of GDF5 are associated with several human and animal diseases that are characterized by skeletal deformity such as short digits and short limbs. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that overexpression of GDF5 or administration of recombinant protein promotes chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Moreover, a promising feature of GDF5 is osteoinduction, which is used in tissue engineering for bone repair with or without a carrier in animal platforms and in human preclinical settings. The exciting results signify that GDF5 is a compelling candidate for bone tissue engineering by enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this review, we will focus the discussion on the basic structure, signaling pathways, function in cartilage and bone formation, and potential clinical application of GDF5 in bone tissue regeneration.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Jin Li and Li Xudong, Growth Differentiation Factor 5 Regulation in Bone Regeneration, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319190003
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319190003 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Progress in the Development of Melanocortin Receptor Selective Ligands
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Insights on the Xenobiotic-Sensing Nuclear Receptors in Liver Diseases – CAR and PXR-
Current Drug Metabolism Antipsychotic-Induced Electrocardiographic Changes: A Comparative Study Between Olanzapine and Risperidone
Current Psychopharmacology Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Pregnancy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Complications of the Chest Wall and the Respiratory System After Surgery and Functional Performance
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews The Safety of Medications for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy and the Puerperium
Current Drug Safety The Impact of In Vitro Fertilization on the Health of the Mother and the Offspring
Current Women`s Health Reviews Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Minoxidil Use in Dermatology, Side Effects and Recent Patents
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Metabolic Correction in the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Improving Clinical Results Beyond Symptom Control
Current Clinical Pharmacology Therapy Of Cardiac Arrhythmias In Children: An Emerging Role Of Electroanatomical Mapping Systems
Current Vascular Pharmacology Thrombophilia and Female Sex Hormones
Current Women`s Health Reviews Phenotyping and Genotyping of the Ryanodine Receptor-Associated Genetic Diseases Using Peripheral Lymphocytes
Current Pharmacogenomics Genomic and Epigenetic Complexity of the FOXF1 Locus in 16q24.1: Implications for Development and Disease
Current Genomics Notch Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease and Calcification
Current Cardiology Reviews Stem Cells Therapies in Basic Science and Translational Medicine: Current Status and Treatment Monitoring Strategies
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Hypothyroidism and Nephrotic Syndrome: Why, When and How to Treat
Current Vascular Pharmacology Current Drug Targets for Antihyperlipidemic Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry An Emerging Antiarrhythmic Target: Late Sodium Current
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immunology of Neonatal Gene Transfer
Current Gene Therapy