Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease which mainly represents an inflammatory response in the vessels. Myocardial ischemia manifested by angina pectoris can be either acute or chronic and usually is a result of imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and myocardial oxygen demand. Chronic stable angina is chest discomfort attributed to myocardial ischemia without the presence of necrosis and is the most common symptom encountered by emergency room physicians. A growing amount of data has shown that endothelial dysfunction, is now considered an important early event in the development of atherosclerosis, while in the absence of angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease, anginal chest pain is often attributed to microvascular coronary dysfunction. Moreover, atheroma formation and in turn, atherosclerotic plaques seem to affect coronary flow, given that multivessel flow-limiting obstructions are observed in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Morphological changes of diseased arteries related to significant atherosclerosis, such as vascular remodeling may also result in stable angina or claudication. However, several issues with respect to the comprehension of the pathophysiology of the chronic coronary syndrome have not been fully elucidated.
Keywords: Stable angina, atherosclerosis, pathophysiology, myocardial ischemia, chronic disease, inflammatory response, myocardial oxygen demand, microvascular coronary dysfunction, vascular remodeling, claudication
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Insight to the Pathophysiology of Stable Angina Pectoris
Volume: 19 Issue: 9
Author(s): Dimitris Tousoulis, Emmanuel Androulakis, Anna Kontogeorgou, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Marietta Charakida, Katerina Siama, George Latsios, Gerasimos Siasos, Anna-Maria Kampoli, Panagiotis Tourikis, Kostas Tsioufis and Christodoulos Stefanadis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Stable angina, atherosclerosis, pathophysiology, myocardial ischemia, chronic disease, inflammatory response, myocardial oxygen demand, microvascular coronary dysfunction, vascular remodeling, claudication
Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease which mainly represents an inflammatory response in the vessels. Myocardial ischemia manifested by angina pectoris can be either acute or chronic and usually is a result of imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and myocardial oxygen demand. Chronic stable angina is chest discomfort attributed to myocardial ischemia without the presence of necrosis and is the most common symptom encountered by emergency room physicians. A growing amount of data has shown that endothelial dysfunction, is now considered an important early event in the development of atherosclerosis, while in the absence of angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease, anginal chest pain is often attributed to microvascular coronary dysfunction. Moreover, atheroma formation and in turn, atherosclerotic plaques seem to affect coronary flow, given that multivessel flow-limiting obstructions are observed in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Morphological changes of diseased arteries related to significant atherosclerosis, such as vascular remodeling may also result in stable angina or claudication. However, several issues with respect to the comprehension of the pathophysiology of the chronic coronary syndrome have not been fully elucidated.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tousoulis Dimitris, Androulakis Emmanuel, Kontogeorgou Anna, Papageorgiou Nikolaos, Charakida Marietta, Siama Katerina, Latsios George, Siasos Gerasimos, Kampoli Anna-Maria, Tourikis Panagiotis, Tsioufis Kostas and Stefanadis Christodoulos, Insight to the Pathophysiology of Stable Angina Pectoris, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319090007
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319090007 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Future of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Therapy and Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Strategies for Non-Invasive Molecular Imaging of Acute Allograft Rejection by Gamma Scintigraphy and Positron Emission Tomography
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Does Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Protect the Heart in Cardiac Surgery? From Laboratory to Operating Room: Clinical Application of Experimental Study
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effect of Cardiovascular Injury on Catabolism of Adenosine and Adenosine 5-‘Triphosphate in Systemic Blood in a Freely Moving Rat Model In Vivo
Drug Metabolism Letters Increased Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratios are Associated with Greater Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Current Neurovascular Research Molecular Interplay between Platelets and the Vascular Wall in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Current Vascular Pharmacology GDF11 Attenuated ANG II-Induced Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Expression of ANP, BNP and Beta-MHC Through Down- Regulating CCL11 in Mice
Current Molecular Medicine A Review of Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacokinetic Study of Four Components in Rat Plasma After Oral Administration of Guanmaitong Granule by UPLC-MS/MS
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Therapies Targeting Inflammation After Stent Implantation
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Insulin Resistance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Maintaining Plasma Fibrinogen Levels and Fibrinogen Replacement Therapies for Treatment of Intracranial Hemorrhage
Current Drug Targets Postoperative Care of the Transplanted Patient
Current Cardiology Reviews Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization After Percutaneous Angioplasty Procedure
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Review of the Evidence for a Neuroendocrine Link Between Stress, Depression and Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Susceptibility of Periodontopathogenic and Cariogenic Bacteria to Defensins and Potential Therapeutic Use of Defensins in Oral Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Roles of CLR/RAMP Receptor Signaling in Reproduction and Development
Current Protein & Peptide Science A Review of Selected Adult Congenital Heart Diseases Encountered in Daily Practice
Current Cardiology Reviews Contemporary Animal Models For Human Gene Therapy Applications
Current Gene Therapy Cardiac Biomarkers in Stroke, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Dementia. Are They of Use? A Brief Overview of Data from Recent Investigations
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets