Abstract
The cellular protein “Bone marrow stromal antigen 2” (BST2 also called Tetherin, CD317, HM1.24) was identified as a major mediator of the innate immune defense against the dissemination of enveloped viruses. BST2 was shown to physically trap the de novo formed viral particles at the surface of infected cells, thereby reducing viral release. Lentiviruses have evolved specific strategies to down-regulate the expression level of BST2 from the surface of the cells and as such promote viral egress. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), the accessory protein Vpu counters BST2 antiviral activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Vpumediated antagonism of BST2 antiviral activity seems to involve complex interplay between the viral protein and host components regulating protein turnover and vesicular trafficking. This review focuses on the interplay between Vpu and the ubiquitin/endosomal pathway in countermeasures of HIV-1 to BST2 restriction, with a particular emphasis on the “Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport” (ESCRT) machinery.
Keywords: BST2/Tetherin, Vpu, ESCRT, HRS, HIV-1, ubiquitinylation, degradation, cell surface down-regulation, endosome, CD4
Current HIV Research
Title:Role of the Endosomal ESCRT Machinery in HIV-1 Vpu-Induced Down- Regulation of BST2/Tetherin
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): Katy Janvier, Nicolas Roy and Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent
Affiliation:
Keywords: BST2/Tetherin, Vpu, ESCRT, HRS, HIV-1, ubiquitinylation, degradation, cell surface down-regulation, endosome, CD4
Abstract: The cellular protein “Bone marrow stromal antigen 2” (BST2 also called Tetherin, CD317, HM1.24) was identified as a major mediator of the innate immune defense against the dissemination of enveloped viruses. BST2 was shown to physically trap the de novo formed viral particles at the surface of infected cells, thereby reducing viral release. Lentiviruses have evolved specific strategies to down-regulate the expression level of BST2 from the surface of the cells and as such promote viral egress. In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), the accessory protein Vpu counters BST2 antiviral activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Vpumediated antagonism of BST2 antiviral activity seems to involve complex interplay between the viral protein and host components regulating protein turnover and vesicular trafficking. This review focuses on the interplay between Vpu and the ubiquitin/endosomal pathway in countermeasures of HIV-1 to BST2 restriction, with a particular emphasis on the “Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport” (ESCRT) machinery.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Janvier Katy, Roy Nicolas and Berlioz-Torrent Clarisse, Role of the Endosomal ESCRT Machinery in HIV-1 Vpu-Induced Down- Regulation of BST2/Tetherin, Current HIV Research 2012; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016212800792414
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016212800792414 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Ultrasound Imaging of Cervical Anatomic Variants
Current Medical Imaging Nucleic Acid-based Technologies in Therapy of Malignant Gliomas
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology HIV-1 Integrase Binding to its Cellular Partners: A Perspective from Computational Biology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Lipid Based Anti-Retroviral Nanocarriers: A Review of Current Literature and Ongoing Studies
Drug Delivery Letters Overview of the Formulations and Analogs in the Taxanes' Story
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Dementia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors from the Natural Origin: A Recent Perspective
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Advancement and Strategies for the Development of Peptide-drug Conjugates: Pharmacokinetic Modulation, Role and Clinical Evidence against Cancer Management
Current Cancer Drug Targets Dendritic Cells in Innate Immune Responses Against HIV
Current Molecular Medicine Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Kit and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of the Chemistry and Pharmacological Potentials of Furanones Skeletons
Current Organic Chemistry Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of the Retinoid X Receptor Agonist Bexarotene on Tumors
Current Drug Metabolism Targeting the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Network in Cancer Stem Cells
Current Medicinal Chemistry Peptidic Tumor Targeting Agents: The Road from Phage Display Peptide Selections to Clinical Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Implications of Tocilizumab, A Humanized Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody, for Various Immune-Mediated Diseases: An Update Review
Current Rheumatology Reviews Nanomedicine and its Application in Treatment of Microglia-mediated Neuroinflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Signal Transduction Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Delivery of Intracellular-Acting Biologics in Pro-Apoptotic Therapies
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Review of Fish Lectins
Current Protein & Peptide Science Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Oncology
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening