Abstract
Malaria imposes a serious threat to human and becomes more prevalent due to the emergence of drug resistant parasite. Understanding of the underlying mechanism of drug resistance and identification of novel drug targets are key effective processes for the management of malaria. Malaria parasite is highly susceptible to oxidative stress but lives in a pro-oxidant rich environment containing oxygen and iron, which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. Management of oxidative stress in malaria parasite is tightly regulated through active redox and antioxidant defense systems. The elevation of oxidative stress as a result of inhibition of any component of this defense system leads to redox imbalance and ultimately parasite death. Therefore, redox system plays an indispensable role for the survival of parasite within the host. Identification of key molecules, which disrupt parasite redox balance by altering key redox reactions and promote oxidative stress in parasites, would be an effective approach to develop novel antimalarial drugs. During the last few decades, contributions by researchers around the globe provide even better understanding of redox biology of malaria parasite. Here, in this review, we are highlighting the knowledge gathered so far regarding the essential redox-active processes and their components in malaria parasite to overcome elevated oxidative insults. We have also given maximum efforts to enlist currently used redox-active antimalarials, their mode of action and pharmacotherapeutic implications.
Keywords: Antimalarial, Dithiols, Free heme, Hemozoin, Redox-active, Reactive oxygen species, pharmacotherapeutic implications, pro-oxidant, parasitic infections, morphologically
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Redox Regulation in Malaria: Current Concepts and Pharmacotherapeutic Implications
Volume: 19 Issue: 10
Author(s): M. Goyal, A. Alam, U. Bandyopadhyay
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antimalarial, Dithiols, Free heme, Hemozoin, Redox-active, Reactive oxygen species, pharmacotherapeutic implications, pro-oxidant, parasitic infections, morphologically
Abstract:
Malaria imposes a serious threat to human and becomes more prevalent due to the emergence of drug resistant parasite. Understanding of the underlying mechanism of drug resistance and identification of novel drug targets are key effective processes for the management of malaria. Malaria parasite is highly susceptible to oxidative stress but lives in a pro-oxidant rich environment containing oxygen and iron, which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. Management of oxidative stress in malaria parasite is tightly regulated through active redox and antioxidant defense systems. The elevation of oxidative stress as a result of inhibition of any component of this defense system leads to redox imbalance and ultimately parasite death. Therefore, redox system plays an indispensable role for the survival of parasite within the host. Identification of key molecules, which disrupt parasite redox balance by altering key redox reactions and promote oxidative stress in parasites, would be an effective approach to develop novel antimalarial drugs. During the last few decades, contributions by researchers around the globe provide even better understanding of redox biology of malaria parasite. Here, in this review, we are highlighting the knowledge gathered so far regarding the essential redox-active processes and their components in malaria parasite to overcome elevated oxidative insults. We have also given maximum efforts to enlist currently used redox-active antimalarials, their mode of action and pharmacotherapeutic implications.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Goyal, A. Alam, U. Bandyopadhyay , Redox Regulation in Malaria: Current Concepts and Pharmacotherapeutic Implications, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 19 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712799828328
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712799828328 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Recent Advances in the Rationale Design of GPER Ligands
Current Medicinal Chemistry Improving Health Care for Children with Chronic Conditions: Toward a “Wholistic” Approach
Current Pediatric Reviews Oral Glucose Loading for Detection of Mitochondrial Toxicity During HAART in HIV-Infected Patients
Current HIV Research The Caveolin-1 Connection to Cell Death and Survival
Current Molecular Medicine Chemical Composition and <i>In vitro</i> Antidiabetic Effects of <i>Olea europaea</i> Linn. (Olive)
Current Bioactive Compounds Platelets in Atherothrombosis: New and Evolving Roles
Current Pharmaceutical Design NKT Cell-Stimulating Synthetic Glycolipids as Potential Therapeutics for Autoimmune Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry A Comprehensive Review on Recent Developments in the Field of Biological Applications of Potent Pyrazolines Derived from Chalcone Precursors
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Amaranth: A Pseudo-Cereal with Nutraceutical Properties
Current Nutrition & Food Science Safety Analysis and Improved Cardiac Function Following Local Autologous Transplantation of CD133+ Enriched Bone Marrow Cells After Myocardial Infarction
Current Neurovascular Research Synergistic Two-Way Interactions of Dietary Polyphenols and Dietary Components on the Gut Microbial Composition: Is There a Positive, Negative, or Neutralizing Effect in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases?
Current Protein & Peptide Science Stroke and Hypertension: An Appraisal from Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial (Should Chronic Kidney Disease be Considered as a Coronary Heart Disease Equivalent?)
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inhaled Biologics: From Preclinical to Product Approval
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin Resistance in Brain and Possible Therapeutic Approaches
Current Vascular Pharmacology Inhibitors of the Lipid Phosphatase SHIP2 Discovered by High Throughput Affinity Selection-Mass Spectrometry Screening of Combinatorial Libraries
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypertension in Metabolic Syndrome: Novel Insights
Current Hypertension Reviews Serum Amyloid A and Its Potential Physiological / Pathological Functions - an Overview of Patents
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Mass Spectrometry for Studying the Interaction between Small Molecules and Proteins
Current Proteomics