Fabricating a Diffractive Grating: Basic Component of Spectrometers for Space Applications

M.      T. Flores-Arias; C.      Gomez-Reino; A.      Castelo; G.      F. de la Fuente

Abstract

Diffractive gratings are very important in astrophysics where they provide clues to the composition of and processes in stars and planetary atmospheres. Another field of application is in optical data processing where gratings play its role as a spatial light modulator in spectrometers for miniature space instruments and for space technology. This article is intended to review papers and patents which discuss several techniques for producing these gratings as well as the various materials used in their fabrication. Special attention will be devoted to a patent concerning the fabrication of diffractive gratings in low-cost glass substrates by laser ablation without mask and in one step.

Keywords: Diffractive gratings, laser ablation, photoresist, space technology, spectrometer, fabrication, Micro-satellites, miniature instruments, optical instruments, planetary atmospheres