Spongiane Diterpenoids

Miguel   A   Gonzalez

Abstract

In this review we cover the structures, occurrence, biological activities and synthesis of all the spongianes and rearranged spongianes since their discovery in 1974. We have given special attention to structure revisions and biological properties of these polycyclic terpenoids of exclusive marine origin. However, an important part of the review describes the synthetic efforts in the field. Thus, this part has been subdivided into syntheses from other natural products, syntheses by biomimetic approaches and other approaches including enantioselective total syntheses.

Keywords: Spongia officinalis, Chromodoris species, furanospongianes, Norrisolide, antimicrobial, Dendrilla membranosa