Abstract
HIV-1 affects microglia and astroglia, which subsequently contributes to the neurodegenerative changes. Viral proteins cause neurotoxicity by direct action on the CNS cells or by activating glial cells to cause the release of cytokines, chemokines or neurotoxic substances. Opioid abuse has been postulated as a cofactor in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. HIV-induced pathogenesis is exacerbated by opiate abuse and that the synergistic neurotoxicity is a direct effect of opiates on the CNS. Chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroAIDS. Herein we describe the effects of morphine and/or gp120 on the expression of the genes for the βchemokine MIP-1β and its receptors CCR3 and CCR5 by the U373 cells which are a human brain-derived astrocytoma/glioblastoma cell line. Our results indicate that treatment of U373 cells with morphine significantly downregulated the gene expression of the β chemokine, MIPβ1 β, while reciprocally upregulating the expression of its specific receptors, CCR3 and CCR5 suggesting that the capacity of mu-opioids to increase HIV-1 co-receptor expression may promote viral binding, trafficking of HIV-1-infected cells, and enhanced disease progression. Additionally, opiates can enhance the cytotoxicity of HIV-1 viral protein gp120 via mechanisms that involve intracellular calcium modulation resulting in direct actions on astroglia, making them an important cellular target for HIV-opiate interactions.
Keywords: morphine, astroglia, hiv, gp, chemokines
Current HIV Research
Title: Morphine Exacerbates HIV-1 Viral Protein gp120 Induced Modulation of Chemokine Gene Expression in U373 Astrocytoma Cells
Volume: 3 Issue: 3
Author(s): Supriya D. Mahajan, Ravikumar Aalinkeel, Jessica L. Reynolds, Bindukumar B. Nair, Stanley F. Fernandez, Stanley A. Schwartz and Madhavan P.N. Nair
Affiliation:
Keywords: morphine, astroglia, hiv, gp, chemokines
Abstract: HIV-1 affects microglia and astroglia, which subsequently contributes to the neurodegenerative changes. Viral proteins cause neurotoxicity by direct action on the CNS cells or by activating glial cells to cause the release of cytokines, chemokines or neurotoxic substances. Opioid abuse has been postulated as a cofactor in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS. HIV-induced pathogenesis is exacerbated by opiate abuse and that the synergistic neurotoxicity is a direct effect of opiates on the CNS. Chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroAIDS. Herein we describe the effects of morphine and/or gp120 on the expression of the genes for the βchemokine MIP-1β and its receptors CCR3 and CCR5 by the U373 cells which are a human brain-derived astrocytoma/glioblastoma cell line. Our results indicate that treatment of U373 cells with morphine significantly downregulated the gene expression of the β chemokine, MIPβ1 β, while reciprocally upregulating the expression of its specific receptors, CCR3 and CCR5 suggesting that the capacity of mu-opioids to increase HIV-1 co-receptor expression may promote viral binding, trafficking of HIV-1-infected cells, and enhanced disease progression. Additionally, opiates can enhance the cytotoxicity of HIV-1 viral protein gp120 via mechanisms that involve intracellular calcium modulation resulting in direct actions on astroglia, making them an important cellular target for HIV-opiate interactions.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mahajan D. Supriya, Aalinkeel Ravikumar, Reynolds L. Jessica, Nair B. Bindukumar, Fernandez F. Stanley, Schwartz A. Stanley and Nair P.N. Madhavan, Morphine Exacerbates HIV-1 Viral Protein gp120 Induced Modulation of Chemokine Gene Expression in U373 Astrocytoma Cells, Current HIV Research 2005; 3 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162054368048
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162054368048 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Twenty Years of HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Time to Reevaluate their Toxicity
Current Medicinal Chemistry Stable Angina Pectoris: Current Medical Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Fish and Apoptosis: Molecules and Pathways
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mucoadhesive Buccal Systems as a Novel Strategy for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Administration
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Levosimendan: A New Inodilatory Drug for the Treatment of Decompensated Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Para-Nonylphenol Induces Apoptosis of U937 Human Monocyte Leukemia Cells in vitro
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Drug-induced Cholelithiasis
Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Recent Advances in the Synthesis of C-linked Glycoconjugates
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Expression and Role of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Blood Vessel Wall
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Etiology of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS)
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Current Status and Future Prospects of Small–molecule Protein–protein Interaction (PPI) Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry A Hypothesis for Regenerative Therapy for Neuronal Disease: Stem Cells within Artificial Niche
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Immune Response to Mycobacteria
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Clinical Update on the Use of Immuno Modulators (antiCD3, GAD, Diapep277, Anti-IL1) in Type 1 Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immune and Genetic Mechanisms in COPD: Possible Targets for Therapeutic Interventions
Current Drug Targets Anti-Cancer Properties of Nigella spp. Essential Oils and their Major Constituents, Thymoquinone and β-Elemene
Current Clinical Pharmacology Hybrid Molecules Synergistically Acting Against Protein Aggregation Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Episcleral, Intrascleral, and Suprachoroidal Routes of Ocular Drug Delivery - Recent Research Advances and Patents
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom and Toxins: An Overview
Protein & Peptide Letters An Unbiased Predictive Model to Detect DNA Methylation Propensity of CpG Islands in the Human Genome
Current Bioinformatics