Abstract
Andrographolide (AD), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (DAD) isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees, Acanthaceae, and 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (IPAD), a semi-synthetic compound of AD, were examined for anti-HSV-1 activity in vitro. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on viral entry and replication steps were determined using pre- and post-infection assays, respectively. All the three compounds exhibited less than 50% inhibitory act against viral entry. In the post-infection, IPAD displayed absolute inhibition, whereas AD and DAD gave moderate activity. IPAD was selected to determine for the stage of anti-replication by time-of-addition and time-of-removal assays. From the time of removal assay, IPAD activity began after 4 h and completed at 16 h post infection which corresponded to the early genes expression. Its ability to inhibit HSV-1 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and the expression of viral glycoproteins C and D by western blot analysis. No viral enveloped glycoproteins D and C expressions were found. IPAD exhibited anti-HSV-1 replication relating to the early step of replication. Structure-activity relationships of andrographolide against HSV-1 was proposed, it is the first report of this ent-labdane diterpene.
Keywords: Andrographolide, antiviral replication, 14-deoxyandrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide, herpes simplex type 1, viral glycoprotein, DAD, Andrographis paniculata, post-infection assays, IPAD, anti-replication, HSV-1, western blot analysis, ent-labdane diterpene
Medicinal Chemistry
Title: A Potential Andrographolide Analogue against the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Vero Cells
Volume: 7 Issue: 3
Author(s): Supawadee Seubsasana, Chamsai Pientong, Tipaya Ekalaksananan, Sasithorn Thongchai and Chantana Aromdee
Affiliation:
Keywords: Andrographolide, antiviral replication, 14-deoxyandrographolide, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide, herpes simplex type 1, viral glycoprotein, DAD, Andrographis paniculata, post-infection assays, IPAD, anti-replication, HSV-1, western blot analysis, ent-labdane diterpene
Abstract: Andrographolide (AD), and 14-deoxyandrographolide (DAD) isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees, Acanthaceae, and 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (IPAD), a semi-synthetic compound of AD, were examined for anti-HSV-1 activity in vitro. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on viral entry and replication steps were determined using pre- and post-infection assays, respectively. All the three compounds exhibited less than 50% inhibitory act against viral entry. In the post-infection, IPAD displayed absolute inhibition, whereas AD and DAD gave moderate activity. IPAD was selected to determine for the stage of anti-replication by time-of-addition and time-of-removal assays. From the time of removal assay, IPAD activity began after 4 h and completed at 16 h post infection which corresponded to the early genes expression. Its ability to inhibit HSV-1 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and the expression of viral glycoproteins C and D by western blot analysis. No viral enveloped glycoproteins D and C expressions were found. IPAD exhibited anti-HSV-1 replication relating to the early step of replication. Structure-activity relationships of andrographolide against HSV-1 was proposed, it is the first report of this ent-labdane diterpene.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Seubsasana Supawadee, Pientong Chamsai, Ekalaksananan Tipaya, Thongchai Sasithorn and Aromdee Chantana, A Potential Andrographolide Analogue against the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Vero Cells, Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 7 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340611795564268
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340611795564268 |
Print ISSN 1573-4064 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6638 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Carbohydrates in Computational and Medicinal Chemistry
Carbohydrates are the most essential organic molecules and are involved in the maintenance of various physiological and metabolic processes in living organisms. Carbohydrate-based compounds have come to the attention of researchers because of their significant contributions to biological functions, such as cell development and cell proliferation, connections between several cells, ...read more
Recent Advances in the Medicinal Chemistry of Cancer
Scope of the Thematic Issue: Correlation between structure and function is one of the important aspects of the success of anti-cancer compounds associated with their structure-activity interactions, physiology, biochemical, molecular, and genetic processes. Overcoming these obstacles is key to obtaining further insights into developments in rational drug design, bioorganic chemistry, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
The Causes and Consequences of Childhood Encephalitis in Asia
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Cytokines in Neurological Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Development and Production of Commercial Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Mammalian Cell Expression Systems: An Overview of the Current Upstream Technologies
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Protective Immunity in Humans: A Glimpse Provided by the Analysis of Herpesvirus-Specific T Cells in Health and Disease
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) A Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) DNA Vaccine Delivered Using a Spring-powered Jet Injector Elicits a Potent Neutralizing Antibody Response in Rabbits and Nonhuman Primates
Current Gene Therapy Management of COVID-19 very Elderly Patients in Nursing Homes and Long-Term Care Facilities: Description of a New Model and Experience in a Medicalized Nursing Home
Coronaviruses (Neuro)Transmitter Systems in Circulating Immune Cells: A Target of Immunopharmacological Interventions?
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Multiple Layers of Signaling Selectivity at Protease-Activated Receptors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Opiate Addiction Therapies and HIV-1 Tat: Interactive Effects on Glial [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>, Oxyradical and Neuroinflammatory Chemokine Production and Correlative Neurotoxicity
Current HIV Research Microglia Phenotype Diversity
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Heterocycles in the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Involvement of Toll-like Receptors in Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Kawasakis Disease, Acrodynia, and Mercury
Current Medicinal Chemistry Current Clinical Applications of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Therapeutic Perspectives of Drugs Targeting Toll-Like Receptors Based on Immune Physiopathology Theory of Alzheimers Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Lipopolysaccharides in Potential Applications of Nanocarrier Systems
Current Pharmaceutical Design MRI of Central Nervous System (CNS) Vasculitis
Current Medical Imaging Thiazole Compounds as Antiviral Agents: An Update
Medicinal Chemistry Antiepileptic Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome Reactions
Current Drug Safety Heparanase Patents: Dim Past and Bright Future
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery