Abstract
The maternal diabetic environment alters the embryo and the feto-placental development. The results of these alterations are: increased embryo resorption and malformation rates, placental dysfunction, fetal alterations that lead to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality rates, and also diseases that will be evident later in the adult life of the newborn. The etiology of these many maternal diabetes-induced complications are not yet understood in full. In this review the role of maternal diabetes as an inductor of a pro-inflammatory environment that impairs embryo and placental development is discussed. An overproduction of proinflammatory agents is found in the uterus during implantation and the developing embryo and placenta from experimental models of diabetes, as well as in placenta from diabetic women. In these tissues there are increases in reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins, nitric oxide and peroxynitrites. These pro-inflammatory agents lead to the intrauterine activation of matrix metalloproteinases, proteases involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix during implantation and feto-placental development. Many of these pro-inflammatory agents have overlapping mechanisms of action and cross regulatory pathways that propagate the inflammatory processes. Antioxidants, PPARγ activators, and NF-κB inhibitors are able to reduce the concentrations of these agents in intrauterine gestational tissues. This article reviews the current understanding of maternal diabetes-induced changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways that affect the embryo and placental development in maternal diabetes, and stresses the need of a strict maternal control of the pathology to prevent deleterious consequences in the offspring.
Keywords: MMPs, prostanoid, nitrosative stress, oxidants, embryo, placenta, gestation, Diabetes
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Diabetic Pregnancies: The Challenge of Developing in a Pro-Inflammatory Environment
Volume: 13 Issue: 18
Author(s): E. Gonzalez and A. Jawerbaum
Affiliation:
Keywords: MMPs, prostanoid, nitrosative stress, oxidants, embryo, placenta, gestation, Diabetes
Abstract: The maternal diabetic environment alters the embryo and the feto-placental development. The results of these alterations are: increased embryo resorption and malformation rates, placental dysfunction, fetal alterations that lead to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality rates, and also diseases that will be evident later in the adult life of the newborn. The etiology of these many maternal diabetes-induced complications are not yet understood in full. In this review the role of maternal diabetes as an inductor of a pro-inflammatory environment that impairs embryo and placental development is discussed. An overproduction of proinflammatory agents is found in the uterus during implantation and the developing embryo and placenta from experimental models of diabetes, as well as in placenta from diabetic women. In these tissues there are increases in reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins, nitric oxide and peroxynitrites. These pro-inflammatory agents lead to the intrauterine activation of matrix metalloproteinases, proteases involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix during implantation and feto-placental development. Many of these pro-inflammatory agents have overlapping mechanisms of action and cross regulatory pathways that propagate the inflammatory processes. Antioxidants, PPARγ activators, and NF-κB inhibitors are able to reduce the concentrations of these agents in intrauterine gestational tissues. This article reviews the current understanding of maternal diabetes-induced changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways that affect the embryo and placental development in maternal diabetes, and stresses the need of a strict maternal control of the pathology to prevent deleterious consequences in the offspring.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gonzalez E. and Jawerbaum A., Diabetic Pregnancies: The Challenge of Developing in a Pro-Inflammatory Environment, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (18) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777935302
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706777935302 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Effect of Nanocurcumin in Improvement of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Current Rheumatology Reviews Modulation of Neutrophil Development and Homeostasis
Current Molecular Medicine Interactions Between Nanosized Materials and the Brain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting of Nuclear Factor-κB and Proteasome by Dithiocarbamate Complexes with Metals
Current Pharmaceutical Design Clinical Presentations and Diagnosis of Brucellosis
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery The Neuropharmacology of Cluster Headache and other Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
Current Neuropharmacology Proteasome Inhibition in Transplantation-Focusing on the Experience with Bortezomib
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Current Immunotherapies for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Current Molecular Pharmacology Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns – Emerging Targets for Biologic Therapy of Childhood Arthritides
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Marine Derived Bioactive Compounds for Breast and Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Review
Current Bioactive Compounds The Role of Thrombomodulin in Atherosclerosis: From Bench to Bedside
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of <i>Morus alba</i> Linn
Current Bioactive Compounds The Effects of Caffeine on the Cholinergic System
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Flunarizine Dihydrochloride Nanoemulsion for Migraine Nasal Drug Delivery: Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Study
Drug Delivery Letters Innate Immune Response in Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design What do we know about Toll-Like Receptors Involvement in Gout Arthritis?
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets TLR Signaling Pathways: Opportunities for Activation and Blockade in Pursuit of Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Analysis of Nickel-Binding Peptides in a Human Hepidermoid Cancer Cell Line by Ni-NTA Affinity Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
Protein & Peptide Letters New Synthetic Methods to 2-Pyridone Rings
Current Organic Chemistry