Fermented Grape Marc (FGM): Immunomodulating Properties and its Potential Exploitation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

G.      Marzulli; T.      Magrone; K.      Kawaguchi; Y.      Kumazawa; E.      Jirillo

Abstract

The onset of neurodegenerative diseases has become more frequent than in the past also in relation to inappropriate dietary habits adopted in the western world. Nutraceuticals are currently investigated in order to prevent or retard the outcome of the so-called diet-related diseases, even including neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we have in vitro studied the ability of fermented grape marc (FGM) from Negroamaro (N) and Koshu (K) Vitis vinifera to modulate the function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Actually, both FGMs were able to increase the release and the intracellular content of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, the induction of FoxP3 (a biomarker of T regulatory cells) and reduce the production of Granzyme B from PBMCs. Since these FGM-induced effects tend to polarize the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory pathway, the potential use of FGMs may represent a valid therapeutic measure to mitigating neuroinflammation in pathologies such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease.

Keywords: Cytokines, Fermented Grape Marc, Neuroinflammation, Polyphenols, T regulatory cells, Wine, Vitis vinifera, Cytometry, FoxP3, counterbalanced