Abstract
There is increasing evidence that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can effectively be used not only in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but also in other human disorders; indeed, statins have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, so that they can influence the onset and outcome of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been shown that statins can affect growth and survival of solid tumour and leukemic cells, thus they have been proposed in the treatment of neoplasias as multiple myeloma, in association with drugs, as thalidomide, known to act on the cancer microenvironment.
In the current view, tumor microenvironment include many cell types that interact with tumor cells: among them, stromal and endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, the various types of lymphocytes such as NK cells, B and T cells. The interplay between all these cell populations, and the balance between these, determines whether there is a tumour cell growth promotion or inhibition.
In haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas, the survival, drug-resistance and proliferation of leukemic cells have been shown to be largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment, so that some cellular components of it, mainly mesenchymal stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, are now proposed as targets of new therapies. Herein, we analyze the effects that statins can exert on cancer cells, stromal cells and human natural killer cells, to discuss whether they can be proposed as anti-cancer drugs.
Keywords: Statins, natural killer cells, tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells, cholesterol inhibitors, bone marrow, 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl, coenzyme A reductase, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Modulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function with Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors
Volume: 18 Issue: 34
Author(s): A. Poggi and M. R. Zocchi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Statins, natural killer cells, tumor microenvironment, mesenchymal stromal cells, cholesterol inhibitors, bone marrow, 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl, coenzyme A reductase, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, can effectively be used not only in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but also in other human disorders; indeed, statins have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, so that they can influence the onset and outcome of inflammation and autoimmunity. On the other hand, it has been shown that statins can affect growth and survival of solid tumour and leukemic cells, thus they have been proposed in the treatment of neoplasias as multiple myeloma, in association with drugs, as thalidomide, known to act on the cancer microenvironment.
In the current view, tumor microenvironment include many cell types that interact with tumor cells: among them, stromal and endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, the various types of lymphocytes such as NK cells, B and T cells. The interplay between all these cell populations, and the balance between these, determines whether there is a tumour cell growth promotion or inhibition.
In haematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic and myeloid leukemias and follicular lymphomas, the survival, drug-resistance and proliferation of leukemic cells have been shown to be largely dependent on a supportive microenvironment, so that some cellular components of it, mainly mesenchymal stromal cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages, are now proposed as targets of new therapies. Herein, we analyze the effects that statins can exert on cancer cells, stromal cells and human natural killer cells, to discuss whether they can be proposed as anti-cancer drugs.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Poggi A. and R. Zocchi M., Modulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Function with Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798184244
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798184244 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pentapeptides as Minimal Functional Units in Cell Biology and Immunology
Current Protein & Peptide Science Molecular and Genetic Profiling of Prostate Cancer: Implications for Future Therapy
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Cellulitis-Like Sweet Syndrome Preceding Multiple Myeloma. A Case Report
Clinical Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Drugs (Discontinued) PPAR-γ: Therapeutic Prospects in Parkinson's Disease
Current Drug Targets Going 3D – Cell Culture Approaches for Stem Cell Research and Therapy
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) Maximizing Baculovirus-Mediated Foreign Proteins Expression in Mammalian Cells
Current Gene Therapy Developmental Current and Future Therapy for Severe Asthma
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Mitochondrial Permeability Transition as Target of Anticancer Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Hsp90 in Non-Cancerous Maladies
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Chemical Libraries Towards Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Functional and Structural Roles of GPI Moieties in Mammalian Plasma Membranes
Current Organic Chemistry Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis
Current Genomics Studies on Efficacy of a Novel 177Lu-Labeled Porphyrin Derivative in Regression of Tumors in Mouse Model
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Boosting Interleukin-10 Production: Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Targeting the Human Thioredoxin System by Diverse Strategies to Treat Cancer and Other Pathologies
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Bacteriocins Active Against Multi-Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria Implicated in Nosocomial Infections
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype for Gastro-Intestinal Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Laminin-332-Integrin Interaction: A Target For Cancer Therapy?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Interconnection of Estrogen/Testosterone Metabolism and Mevalonate Pathway in Breast and Prostate Cancers
Current Molecular Pharmacology Tyrosine Kinase Blockers: New Hope for Successful Cancer Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry