Abstract
The pharmacological action of salicylates has been historically related to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenases, thereby blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2. On the other hand, several studies have suggested that salicylates have a multitude of cyclooxygenase-independent actions specially related with their antioxidant properties, which might contribute to the overall salutary effects of these compounds. Although salicylates are well-known antioxidants through their ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical, their antioxidant mechanisms of action have not been fully compiled and characterized. In this context, several mechanisms of action have been suggested, namely i) scavenging of hydroxyl radical and chelation of transition metals; ii) upregulation of nitric oxide; iii) increased synthesis of lipoxins; iv) inhibition of neutrophil oxidative burst; v) inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 protein kinases; and vii) inhibiton of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1. The newly discovered acetyl salicylic acid-triggered lipoxins probably play a key role in the maintenance of the oxidative stress balance. Furthermore, salicylates have shown to protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation and elicit an inhibitory effect on the expression of lectin-like receptors on endothelial cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the various proposed antioxidant mechanisms of salicylates.
Keywords: Salicylates, oxidative stress, antioxidant mechanisms, cyclooxygenases, pharmacological action, prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, cyclooxygenase-independent actions, scavenging of hydroxyl radical, chelation of transition metals
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Antioxidant Properties and Associated Mechanisms of Salicylates
Volume: 18 Issue: 21
Author(s): M. T. Baltazar, R. J. Dinis-Oliveira, J. A. Duarte, M. L. Bastos and F. Carvalho
Affiliation:
Keywords: Salicylates, oxidative stress, antioxidant mechanisms, cyclooxygenases, pharmacological action, prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, cyclooxygenase-independent actions, scavenging of hydroxyl radical, chelation of transition metals
Abstract: The pharmacological action of salicylates has been historically related to their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenases, thereby blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2. On the other hand, several studies have suggested that salicylates have a multitude of cyclooxygenase-independent actions specially related with their antioxidant properties, which might contribute to the overall salutary effects of these compounds. Although salicylates are well-known antioxidants through their ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical, their antioxidant mechanisms of action have not been fully compiled and characterized. In this context, several mechanisms of action have been suggested, namely i) scavenging of hydroxyl radical and chelation of transition metals; ii) upregulation of nitric oxide; iii) increased synthesis of lipoxins; iv) inhibition of neutrophil oxidative burst; v) inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 protein kinases; and vii) inhibiton of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1. The newly discovered acetyl salicylic acid-triggered lipoxins probably play a key role in the maintenance of the oxidative stress balance. Furthermore, salicylates have shown to protect low-density lipoprotein from oxidation and elicit an inhibitory effect on the expression of lectin-like receptors on endothelial cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the various proposed antioxidant mechanisms of salicylates.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
T. Baltazar M., J. Dinis-Oliveira R., A. Duarte J., L. Bastos M. and Carvalho F., Antioxidant Properties and Associated Mechanisms of Salicylates, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (21) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711796391552
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711796391552 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Sauropus androgynus Leaves for Health Benefits: Hype and the Science
The Natural Products Journal Detection of Biothiols Using Some Novel Chemosensors: An Overview
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Random Walks on Biomedical Networks
Current Proteomics Vascular Risk Factors and Lesions of Vascular Nature in Magnetic Resonance as Predictors of Progression to Dementia in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Prevalence, Incidence and Risk Factors of Chronic Heart Failure in the Type 2 Diabetic Population: Systematic Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Ivabradine: Cardiovascular Effects
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery The Effects of Lipid-Regulating Therapy on Haemostatic Parameters
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiovascular and Systemic Risk in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - Atherosclerosis as a Major Player in the Natural Course of NAFLD
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin and Endothelial Function: Physiological Environment Defines Effect on Atherosclerotic Risk
Current Diabetes Reviews Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Vascular Pharmacology Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Cholinergic Transmission a nd Cognitive Functions
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Understanding the Cardiovascular Actions of Soy Isoflavones: Potential Novel Targets for Antihypertensive Drug Development
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Application of Hematopoietic Cells to Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiac Dys-Synchronization and Arrhythmia in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Current Neurovascular Research In-vitro Studies on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Aldose Reductase Inhibitors found in Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ocimum sanctum
Current Enzyme Inhibition Editorial [Hot Topic: Pharmacogenomics: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects, for Patients, Pharmaceutical Industries and Healthcare Systems (Guest Editor: Despina Sanoudou)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Flavones as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Current Developments
Current Organic Synthesis Exploring Pharmacological Significance of Chalcone Scaffold: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Polyphenols: A Diverse Class of Multi-Target Anti-HIV-1 Agents
Current Drug Metabolism Cognitive Decline as a Consequence of Essential Hypertension
Current Pharmaceutical Design