Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Keisuke      Kida; Yoshihiro      J. Akashi; Giovanni      Fazio; Salvatore      Novo

Abstract

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was first reported in Japan in 1990. Recently, an increasing number of case reports and reviews of takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been published worldwide, including atypical cases with inverted takotsubo cardiomyopathy or incidental coronary artery disease. To date, there has been no guideline for worldwide consensus on takotsubo cardiomyopathy diagnostic criteria and treatment. The onset mechanism of takotsubo cardiomyopathy is still controversial, although, catecholamine cardiotoxicity is considered to be the most likely cause. Here, we summarize the current case reports and reviews in regard to diagnosis, cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram, cardiac imaging, mechanism, treatment and prognosis in order to establish a deeper understanding of this syndrome.

Keywords: Ampulla cardiomyopathy, broken heart syndrome, catecholamine cardiotoxicity, mimicking acute myocardial infarction, neurogenic stunned myocardium, stress cardiomyopathy, transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, ampulla car-diomyopathy, ventriculography, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Pheochromocytoma, ventriculogram, scintigraphy, myonecrosis, electrocardiograms, computed tomography, 123-I-meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine, single-photon emission computed tomography, iodine-123-beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid, iatrogenic, bevacizumab, paraneoplastic phe-nomena, intraaortic balloon pump-ing (IABP), prednisolone, methylprednisolone, pulmonary edema, Brain natriuretic peptide, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Magnetic resonance imaging, Tallium-201, 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose, Intraventricular pressure gradient, Fragile X mental retardation-1