Abstract
Chemoprevention by dietary and pharmacological means provides a strategy for attenuating the health risks resulting from cigarette smoking and in particular from passive exposure to environmental cigarette smoke (ECS). We evaluated the ability of the glucocorticoid budesonide and of the natural agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) to affect DNA damage in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of CD – 1 mice exposed to ECS, starting within 12 h after birth and continuing until the end of the experiment. After weanling, based on a preliminary subchronic toxicity study, groups of mice received daily either budesonide (24 mg/kg diet) or PEITC (1,000 mg/kg diet). After 2 weeks of treatment, all mice were sacrificed and subjected to BAL, mainly recovering pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Evaluation of single-cell DNA strand breaks was made by using the alkaline – halo test, a modification of the comet assay. The analysis of 481 BAL cells yielded the following results (expressed as nuclear spread factor): (a) Sham-exposed mice: mean 0.84 (lower-upper 95% confidence intervals 0.74-0.94); (b) ECS-exposed mice: 2.77 (2.46-3.09); (c) ECS-exposed mice treated with PEITC: 1.15 (1.05-1.26); (d) ECS-exposed mice treated with budesonide: 1.37 (1.25-1.49). Thus, exposure to ECS resulted in a significant increase of DNA damage as compared with sham, and both PEITC and budesonide significantly attenuated this damage. In conclusion, the analysis of sentinel cells collected by BAL, a semi-invasive technique that is commonly used in humans for diagnostic purposes, showed that the investigated chemopreventive agents are able to revert the DNA damage produced by passive exposure to cigarette smoke.
Keywords: Budesonide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, environmental cigarette smoke, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, alkaline, –, halo test
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: Budesonide and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Attenuate DNA Damage in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Mice Exposed to Environmental Cigarette Smoke
Volume: 8 Issue: 8
Author(s): Rosanna T. Micale, Francesco D'Agostini, Vernon E. Steele, Sebastiano La Maestra and Silvio De Flora
Affiliation:
Keywords: Budesonide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, environmental cigarette smoke, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, alkaline, –, halo test
Abstract: Chemoprevention by dietary and pharmacological means provides a strategy for attenuating the health risks resulting from cigarette smoking and in particular from passive exposure to environmental cigarette smoke (ECS). We evaluated the ability of the glucocorticoid budesonide and of the natural agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) to affect DNA damage in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of CD – 1 mice exposed to ECS, starting within 12 h after birth and continuing until the end of the experiment. After weanling, based on a preliminary subchronic toxicity study, groups of mice received daily either budesonide (24 mg/kg diet) or PEITC (1,000 mg/kg diet). After 2 weeks of treatment, all mice were sacrificed and subjected to BAL, mainly recovering pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Evaluation of single-cell DNA strand breaks was made by using the alkaline – halo test, a modification of the comet assay. The analysis of 481 BAL cells yielded the following results (expressed as nuclear spread factor): (a) Sham-exposed mice: mean 0.84 (lower-upper 95% confidence intervals 0.74-0.94); (b) ECS-exposed mice: 2.77 (2.46-3.09); (c) ECS-exposed mice treated with PEITC: 1.15 (1.05-1.26); (d) ECS-exposed mice treated with budesonide: 1.37 (1.25-1.49). Thus, exposure to ECS resulted in a significant increase of DNA damage as compared with sham, and both PEITC and budesonide significantly attenuated this damage. In conclusion, the analysis of sentinel cells collected by BAL, a semi-invasive technique that is commonly used in humans for diagnostic purposes, showed that the investigated chemopreventive agents are able to revert the DNA damage produced by passive exposure to cigarette smoke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Micale T. Rosanna, D'Agostini Francesco, Steele E. Vernon, Maestra La Sebastiano and De Flora Silvio, Budesonide and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Attenuate DNA Damage in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Mice Exposed to Environmental Cigarette Smoke, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2008; 8 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800908786733423
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800908786733423 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Molecular Dynamics in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Who’s in Control?
Current Cancer Drug Targets Nanostructural Hybrid Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Development of Metal-Based Drugs and Application in Clinical Treatment
The Natural Products Journal Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Derived from Different Cell Sources and their Potential for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine
Current Molecular Medicine Cancer Therapy: Targeting Cell Cycle Regulators
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Insulin-like Effects of Mt. Fuji Subsoil Water which Conta ins Vanadium on Cultured Cells: Insight from Japan
Current Traditional Medicine Expression and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Poly (ADPRibose) Polymerase-1 in Gastrointestinal Tumours: Clinical Involvement
Current Medicinal Chemistry “Antisurvival” Factor Treatment for Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer: Secondary Hormonal Ablation Using Somatostatin Analogs
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Cancer: A Review
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry UBE2L6 is Involved in Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating the Transcription of ABCB6
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Vitamin D: Evolutionary, Physiological and Health Perspectives
Current Drug Targets Atypical Chest Pain in ACS: A Trap Especially for Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Perioperative B-blockers in Non-cardiac Surgery: Actual Situation
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Descriptive Analysis of Post-Chemotherapy Development of Interstitial Lung Disease Using Spontaneous Reporting Data in Japan
Current Drug Safety In vivo behavior and Safety of Lapatinib-Incorporated Lipid Nanoparticles
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Recent Patents in Circulating Cell-Free Tumor DNA as Biomarker in Cancer
Recent Patents on Biomarkers The Effects of Vitamin C on Adriamycin-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rat
Current Nutrition & Food Science PET and SPECT Imaging for the Acceleration of Anti-Cancer Drug Development
Current Drug Targets Recent Progress in the Development of Natural ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids with Anti-tumor Activity
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry