Generic placeholder image

Current Radiopharmaceuticals

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1874-4710
ISSN (Online): 1874-4729

Research Article

Evaluation in Terms of Dosimetry and Fertility of F18-FDG and Ga68- PSMA in Prostate Cancer Imaging: A Simulation with GATE

Author(s): Handan Tanyildizi Kökkülünk* and Ayşe Karadeniz Yildirim

Volume 16, Issue 2, 2023

Published on: 13 December, 2022

Page: [158 - 162] Pages: 5

DOI: 10.2174/1874471016666221124104807

Price: $65

Abstract

Introduction: F18 and Ga68 radioisotopes are used in PET imaging for prostate cancer. It was aimed to calculate the prostate, testicle and bladder effective doses (ED) caused by F18 and Ga68 used in prostate cancer imaging with PET/CT via simulation with the GATE toolkit and evaluate the ED in terms of fertility.

Methods: The prostate, testicle and bladder were defined together with their geometric properties and densities in GATE simulation. F18 and Ga68 with activity of 277.5 MBq and 151.7 MBq were identified in the prostate as a source organ. The ED, uncertainties, and S values were taken as an output file in the TXT format with the DoseActors command. S values were used for validation of the simulation.

Results: The ED of the prostate, total testicle and bladder for F18 were found to be 6.627E-04 ± 1.799E-06, 12.74E-07 ± 4.11E-08 and 1.617E-05 ± 4.317E-09 (Gy/s), respectively. The ED of the prostate, total testicle, and bladder for Ga68 were found to be 9.195E-04 ± 2.660E-06, 6.54E-07 ± 2.93E-08 and 4.290E-05 ± 6.936E-09 (Gy/s), respectively.

Conclusion: It was found that Ga68 produced high prostate and bladder ED, and F18 produced high testicular ED. In terms of male fertility, Ga68 seems to be a good alternative because it produces low testicular doses. The ED of the testicle both F18 and Ga68 were below the reported spermatogonia and azoospermia dose.

Keywords: Flor-18, Gallium-68, GATE, Monte carlo method, radiation dose.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Bray, F.; Ferlay, J.; Soerjomataram, I.; Siegel, R.L.; Torre, L.A.; Jemal, A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin., 2018, 68(6), 394-424.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492] [PMID: 30207593]
[2]
Ferlay, J.; Colombet, M.; Soerjomataram, I.; Parkin, D.M.; Piñeros, M.; Znaor, A.; Bray, F. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int. J. Cancer, 2021, 149(4), 778-789.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33588] [PMID: 33818764]
[3]
Perdana, N.R.; Mochtar, C.A.; Umbas, R.; Hamid, A.R.A. The risk factors of prostate cancer and its prevention: A literature review. Acta Med. Indones., 2016, 48(3), 228-238.
[PMID: 27840359]
[4]
Cancer Statistics Review, Previous Version - SEER Cancer Statistics Review. SEER. 1975-2015. Available from:https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2015/index.html
[5]
Turkbey, B.; Albert, P.S.; Kurdziel, K.; Choyke, P.L. Imaging localized prostate cancer: Current approaches and new developments. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol., 2009, 192(6), 1471-1480.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.09.2527] [PMID: 19457807]
[6]
Jacobson, O.; Kiesewetter, D.O.; Chen, X. Fluorine-18 radiochemistry, labeling strategies and synthetic routes. Bioconjug. Chem., 2015, 26(1), 1-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc500475e] [PMID: 25473848]
[7]
Banerjee, S.R.; Pomper, M.G. Clinical applications of Gallium-68. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 2013, 76, 2-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.01.039] [PMID: 23522791]
[8]
Shao, Y.H.; Albertsen, P.C.; Roberts, C.B.; Lin, Y.; Mehta, A.R.; Stein, M.N.; DiPaola, R.S.; Lu-Yao, G.L. Risk profiles and treatment patterns among men diagnosed as having prostate cancer and a prostate-specific antigen level below 4.0 ng/ml. Arch. Intern. Med., 2010, 170(14), 1256-1261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.221] [PMID: 20660846]
[9]
Salminen, E.; Hogg, A.; Binns, D.; Frydenberg, M.; Hicks, R. Investigations with FDG-PET scanning in prostate cancer show limited value for clinical practice. Acta Oncol., 2002, 41(5), 425-429.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028418602320405005] [PMID: 12442917]
[10]
Kao, P.F.; Chou, Y.H.; Lai, C.W. Diffuse FDG uptake in acute prostatitis. Clin. Nucl. Med., 2008, 33(4), 308-310.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181662f8b] [PMID: 18356681]
[11]
Jadvar, H. Prostate Cancer: PET with 18 F-FDG, 18 F- or 11 C-Acetate, and 18 F- or 11 C-Choline. J. Nucl. Med., 2011, 52(1), 81-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.077941] [PMID: 21149473]
[12]
Howell, S.J.; Shalet, S.M. Spermatogenesis after cancer treatment: Damage and recovery. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 2005, 2005(34), 12-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jncimonographs/lgi003] [PMID: 15784814]
[13]
Jan, S.; Santin, G.; Strul, D.; Staelens, S.; Assié, K.; Autret, D.; Avner, S.; Barbier, R.; Bardiès, M.; Bloomfield, P.M.; Brasse, D.; Breton, V.; Bruyndonckx, P.; Buvat, I.; Chatziioannou, A.F.; Choi, Y.; Chung, Y.H.; Comtat, C.; Donnarieix, D.; Ferrer, L.; Glick, S.J.; Groiselle, C.J.; Guez, D.; Honore, P-F.; Kerhoas-Cavata, S.; Kirov, A.S.; Kohli, V.; Koole, M.; Krieguer, M.; Laan, D.J.; Lamare, F.; Largeron, G.; Lartizien, C.; Lazaro, D.; Maas, M.C.; Maigne, L.; Mayet, F.; Melot, F.; Merheb, C.; Pennacchio, E.; Perez, J.; Pietrzyk, U.; Rannou, F.R.; Rey, M.; Schaart, D.R.; Schmidtlein, C.R.; Simon, L.; Song, T.Y.; Vieira, J-M.; Visvikis, D.; Walle, R.V.; Wieërs, E.; Morel, C. GATE: A simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT. Phys. Med. Biol., 2004, 49(19), 4543-4561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/19/007] [PMID: 15552416]
[14]
Snyder, W.S.; Ford, M.R.; Warner, G.G. Revision of MIRD pamphlet No. 5 entitled estimates of absorbed fractions for monoenergetic photon sources uniformly distributed in various organs of a heterogeneous phantom; , 1974. Available from: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4251934-revision-mird-pamphletentitled-estimates-absorbed-fractions-monoenergetic-photonsources-uniformly-distributed-various-organs-heterogeneousphantom
[15]
Fludeoxyglucose, F 18 Injection (FDG): Uses, dosage, side effects, interactions, warning. RxList. Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/fludeoxyglucose-drug.htm
[16]
Fendler, W.P.; Eiber, M.; Beheshti, M.; Bomanji, J.; Ceci, F.; Cho, S.; Giesel, F.; Haberkorn, U.; Hope, T.A.; Kopka, K.; Krause, B.J.; Mottaghy, F.M.; Schöder, H.; Sunderland, J.; Wan, S.; Wester, H.J.; Fanti, S.; Herrmann, K. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT: Joint EANM and SNMMI procedure guideline for prostate cancer imaging: version 1.0. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2017, 44(6), 1014-1024.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3670-z] [PMID: 28283702]
[17]
Sarrut, D.; Bardiès, M.; Boussion, N.; Freud, N.; Jan, S.; Létang, J.M.; Loudos, G.; Maigne, L.; Marcatili, S.; Mauxion, T.; Papadimitroulas, P.; Perrot, Y.; Pietrzyk, U.; Robert, C.; Schaart, D.R.; Visvikis, D.; Buvat, I. A review of the use and potential of the GATE Monte Carlo simulation code for radiation therapy and dosimetry applications. Med. Phys., 2014, 41(6Part1), 064301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4871617] [PMID: 24877844]
[18]
Saygın, H.; Kuday, S.; Alici, A.; Turk Cakir, I. A virtualized tier-3g facility installation for WLCG network of CERN. J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2020, 1525(1), 012060.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1525/1/012060]
[19]
Chauvin, M.; Borys, D.; Botta, F.; Bzowski, P.; Dabin, J.; Denis-Bacelar, A.M.; Desbrée, A.; Falzone, N.; Lee, B.Q.; Mairani, A.; Malaroda, A.; Mathieu, G.; McKay, E.; Mora-Ramirez, E.; Robinson, A.P.; Sarrut, D.; Struelens, L.; Gil, A.V.; Bardiès, M. OpenDose: Open-access resource for nuclear medicine dosimetry. J. Nucl. Med., 2020, 61(10), 1514-1519.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.240366] [PMID: 32169912]
[20]
Tanyıldizı Kökkülünk, H.; Demir, M.; Karadeniz Yıldırım, A.; Özkorucuklu, S.; Akkuş, B.; Yaşar, D. 90 Y dosimetry with monte carlo method: GATE validation with STL formatted phantom. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 2020, 138(6), 801-808.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.138.801]
[21]
Bostani, M.; McMillan, K.; DeMarco, J.J.; Cagnon, C.H.; McNitt-Gray, M.F. Validation of a Monte Carlo model used for simulating tube current modulation in computed tomography over a wide range of phantom conditions/challenges. Med. Phys., 2014, 41(11), 112101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4887807] [PMID: 25370652]
[22]
Dipuglia, A.; Cameron, M.; Davis, J.A.; Cornelius, I.M.; Stevenson, A.W.; Rosenfeld, A.B.; Petasecca, M.; Corde, S.; Guatelli, S.; Lerch, M.L.F. Validation of a Monte Carlo simulation for microbeam radiation therapy on the imaging and medical beamline at the Australian synchrotron. Sci. Rep., 2019, 9(1), 17696.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53991-9] [PMID: 31776395]
[23]
Kamal, I.; Said, M.A.; Abdul Razak, H.R.; Abdul Karim, M.K. Effective dose estimation of patients administered with 18F-FDG and Ga-68 DOTATATE in PET/CT examination associated with gender and weight. Phy Technol Med, 2020, 1(1), 15-21.
[24]
Kokk, K.; Veräjänkorva, E.; Laato, M.; Wu, X.K.; Tapfer, H.; Pöllänen, P. Expression of insulin receptor substrates 1-3, glucose transporters GLUT-1-4, signal regulatory protein 1alpha, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B at the protein level in the human testis. Kaibogaku Zasshi, 2005, 80(2), 91-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-073x.2005.00091.x] [PMID: 15960314]
[25]
ICRP publication.The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP, 2007, 37(2-4), 1-332.
[PMID: 18082557]
[26]
Maccia, C.; Benedittini, M.; Lefaure, C.; Fagnani, F. Doses to patients from diagnostic radiology in France. Health Phys., 1988, 54(4), 397-408.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198804000-00002] [PMID: 3350660]
[27]
Hahn, E.W.; Feingold, S.M.; Nisce, L. Aspermia and recovery of spermatogenesis in cancer patients following incidental gonadal irradiation during treatment: A progress report. Radiology, 1976, 119(1), 223-225.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/119.1.223] [PMID: 943807]
[28]
Centola, G.M.; Keller, J.W.; Henzler, M.; Rubin, P. Effect of low-dose testicular irradiation on sperm count and fertility in patients with testicular seminoma. J. Androl., 1994, 15(6), 608-613.
[PMID: 7721664]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy