Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 (LOX-1), a Relevant Target for Diabetic Vasculopathy?

Genevieve      Renier

Abstract

Mechanisms through which major risk factors accelerate diabetic angiopathy include low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor (LOX-1) is a newly identified vascular receptor for oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and AGEs. LOX-1 is up-regulated in vascular endothelium of diabetic animals and thus may be relevant to the development and progression of human diabetic vasculopathy. The mechanisms responsible for LOX-1 induction in diabetes remain unclear but appear to involve metabolic and inflammatory stimuli relevant to diabetes. Such factors may impact on LOX-1-mediated pro-atherogenic events, including endothelial dysfunction and plaque destabilization. Previous studies have shown that drugs commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients, including statins and antidiabetic agents, inhibit endothelial LOX-1 expression. This review summarizes recent advances related to the role of LOX-1 in macrovascular diseases, its regulation by some derangements commonly found in diabetic patients and its modulation by vasculoprotective drugs.

Keywords: Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, hyperglycemia, fatty acids

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