Generic placeholder image

Current Medical Imaging

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4056
ISSN (Online): 1875-6603

Case Report

Use of Ultrasound to Observe Mycosis Fungoides: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Author(s): Cong-Xian Chen, Jie Zhu and Zeng Zeng*

Volume 18, Issue 7, 2022

Published on: 18 March, 2022

Article ID: e081221198656 Pages: 5

DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666211208121419

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with many clinicopathological variants, thus difficult to diagnose in its early stages.

Case Presentation: This case report is about a 76 years old Chinese woman presented with 2 years history of erythematous plaque on the lateral right thigh; after combining clinical manifestations with results of pathological examinations, it is consistent with the diagnosis of MF.

Discussion: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The patient in this case had a long course of disease and repeated attacks. Ultrasound shows a small patch of liquid dark area of the lesion. Color Doppler image shows rich blood flow, which just looks like lacustrine. Thick and nourishing blood vessels could be seen in the depth.

Conclusion: Our case report using ultrasound to observe MF and demonstrate that ultrasound is helpful in diagnosing and evaluating effectiveness in treating MF.

Keywords: Ultrasound, mycosis fungoides, erythematous plaques, color doppler, echo, dermatology.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Cerroni L. Lymphoproliferative lesions of the skin. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59(8): 813-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2005.033019] [PMID: 16873563]
[2]
Wohlmuth-Wieser I, Ramjist JM, Shear N, Alhusayen R. Morphologic features of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas using dermoscopy and high frequency ultrasound. J Clin Med 2020; 10(1): 10.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010017] [PMID: 33374774]
[3]
Keehn CA, Belongie IP, Shistik G, Fenske NA, Glass LF. The diagnosis, staging, and treatment options for mycosis fungoides. Cancer Contr 2007; 14(2): 102-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107327480701400203] [PMID: 17387295]
[4]
Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2016; 91(1): 151-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24233] [PMID: 26607183]
[5]
Yazdanparast T, Yazdani K, Ahmad Nasrollahi S, et al. Biophysical and ultrasonographic changes in early patch/plaque stage of mycosis fungoides, compared with uninvolved skin. Skin Res Technol 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/srt.13053] [PMID: 33974716]
[6]
Rieger KE, Kim J, Kim YH. Zosteriform mycosis fungoides: A new clinical presentation with a dermatomal distribution. Am J Dermatopathol 2017; 39(2): e17-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000000652] [PMID: 28134736]
[7]
Ricci RM, Latham PL, Soong V, Mullins D. Zosteriform cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32(1): 127-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(95)90211-2] [PMID: 7822504]
[8]
Giovagnorio F. Sonography of cutaneous non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Clin Radiol 1997; 52(4): 301-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9260(97)80059-1] [PMID: 9112950]
[9]
Trautinger F, Eder J, Assaf C, et al. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendations for the treatment of mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome - Update 2017. Eur J Cancer 2017; 77: 57-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2017.02.027] [PMID: 28365528]
[10]
Scarisbrick JJ, Quaglino P, Prince HM, et al. The PROCLIPI international registry of early-stage mycosis fungoides identifies substantial diagnostic delay in most patients. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181(2): 350-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17258] [PMID: 30267549]
[11]
Yamashita T, Abbade LP, Marques ME, Marques SA. Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical review and update. An Bras Dermatol 2012; 87: 817-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0365-05962012000600001]
[12]
Criscione VD, Weinstock MA. Incidence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in the United States, 1973-2002. Arch Dermatol 2007; 143(7): 854-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.143.7.854] [PMID: 17638728]
[13]
Ackerman AB, Miller RC, Shapiro L. Pustular mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 1966; 93(2): 221-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1966.01600200077013] [PMID: 4159397]
[14]
Price NM, Fuks ZY, Hoffman TE. Hyperkeratotic and verrucous features of mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol 1977; 113(1): 57-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1977.01640010059009] [PMID: 831623]
[15]
Pujol RM, Gallardo F, Llistosella E, et al. Invisible mycosis fungoides: A diagnostic challenge. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 47(2)(Suppl.): S168-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2002.107231] [PMID: 12140452]
[16]
Ku LS, Lo KK. Mycosis fungoides-A retrospective study of 40 cases in Hong Kong. Int J Dermatol 2005; 44(3): 215-20.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02362.x] [PMID: 15807729]
[17]
Morales Suárez-Varela MM, Llopis González A, Marquina Vila A, Bell J. Mycosis fungoides: Review of epidemiological observations. Dermatology 2000; 201(1): 21-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000018423] [PMID: 10971054]
[18]
Seidenari S. High-frequency sonography combined with image analysis: A noninvasive objective method for skin evaluation and description. Clin Dermatol 1995; 13(4): 349-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081X(95)00074-P] [PMID: 8665443]
[19]
Unholzer A, Korting H. High-frequency ultrasound in the evaluation of pharmacological effects on the skin. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2002; 15(2): 71-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000049393] [PMID: 11867963]
[20]
Polańska A, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Jałowska M, Żaba R, Adamski Z. Current applications of high-frequency ultrasonography in dermatology. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34(6): 535-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ada.2017.72457] [PMID: 29422817]
[21]
Wang Y, Niu Z, Liu J, et al. Value of high-frequency ultrasound in accurate staging of mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome. J Ultrasound Med 2020; 39(10): 1927-37.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jum.15297] [PMID: 32319698]
[22]
Mandava A, Koppula V, Wortsman X, Catalano O, Alfageme F. The clinical value of imaging in primary cutaneous lymphomas: Role of high resolution ultrasound and PET-CT. Br J Radiol 2019; 92(1095): 20180904.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20180904] [PMID: 30608186]
[23]
Niu Z, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Liu J, Liu Y, Jin H. The value of high-frequency ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of early mycosis fungoides and inflammatory skin diseases: A case-control study. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27(3): 453-60.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/srt.12945] [PMID: 33112015]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy