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Review Article

Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

Author(s): Fiammetta Romano*, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Elea Di Benedetto, Volha V. Zhukouskaya, Luigi Barrea, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao and Carolina Di Somma

Volume 26, Issue 21, 2020

Page: [2492 - 2496] Pages: 5

DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200310145935

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle.

Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders.

Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders.

Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Conclusion: Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

Keywords: Sleep, vitamin D, sleep regulation, sleep disturbance, sleep disorders, sun.

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