Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is related to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate and impaired detoxification by endogenous antioxidants, alterations in catecholamine metabolism, alterations in mitochondrial electron transfer function, and enhanced iron deposition in the substantia nigra. The concept that oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reinforced by data documenting that high levels of lipid peroxidation, increased oxidation of proteins and DNA and depletion of glutathione are observed in postmortem studies of brain tissues of PD patients. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is an important neuronal enzyme that, in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin, catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine, and is frequently used as a marker of DAergic neuronal loss in animal models of PD. The role for TH as generators of ROS are highly relevant to PD because ROS have been proposed to contribute to the neurodegeneration of DA neurons. Oxidants and superoxide radicals are produced as byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation, making mitochondria the main site of ROS generation within the cell and the site of the first line of defence against oxidative stress. ROS can affect mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) causing modulation in synthesis of electron transport chain (ETC) components, decreased ATP production, and increased leakage of ROS.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, oxidative stress, mitochondria, tyrosine hydroxylase.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Mitochondria as an Easy Target to Oxidative Stress Events in Parkinson's Disease
Volume: 11 Issue: 4
Author(s): Marcella Reale, Mirko Pesce, Medha Priyadarshini, Mohammad A Kamal and Antonia Patruno
Affiliation:
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, oxidative stress, mitochondria, tyrosine hydroxylase.
Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is related to excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate and impaired detoxification by endogenous antioxidants, alterations in catecholamine metabolism, alterations in mitochondrial electron transfer function, and enhanced iron deposition in the substantia nigra. The concept that oxidative stress is an important mechanism underlying the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is reinforced by data documenting that high levels of lipid peroxidation, increased oxidation of proteins and DNA and depletion of glutathione are observed in postmortem studies of brain tissues of PD patients. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is an important neuronal enzyme that, in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin, catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine, and is frequently used as a marker of DAergic neuronal loss in animal models of PD. The role for TH as generators of ROS are highly relevant to PD because ROS have been proposed to contribute to the neurodegeneration of DA neurons. Oxidants and superoxide radicals are produced as byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation, making mitochondria the main site of ROS generation within the cell and the site of the first line of defence against oxidative stress. ROS can affect mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) causing modulation in synthesis of electron transport chain (ETC) components, decreased ATP production, and increased leakage of ROS.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Reale Marcella, Pesce Mirko, Priyadarshini Medha, A Kamal Mohammad and Patruno Antonia, Mitochondria as an Easy Target to Oxidative Stress Events in Parkinson's Disease, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2012; 11 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152712800792875
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152712800792875 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Human Tissue Kallikrein: A New Bullet for the Treatment of Ischemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Intravenous Apo A-I, HDLs and Apo A-I/Phospholipid Discs on Vascular Metabolism and Atherosclerosis in Animals and Humans
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Combined Ischemic Preconditioning and Resveratrol Improved Bloodbrain Barrier Breakdown <i>via</i> Hippo/YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Etiology of Hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome Part Three: The Regulation and Dysregulation of Blood Pressure
Current Vascular Pharmacology A Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agent Provides Significant Protection During Focal Ischemic Stroke with Decreased Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases
Current Neurovascular Research β-Adrenergic Over-Stimulation and Cardio-Myocyte Apoptosis: Two Receptors, One Organelle, Two Fates?
Current Drug Targets From Preclinical to Clinical Trials: An Update on Potential Therapies for Huntington’s Disease
Current Psychopharmacology Mast Cells: Pivotal Players in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Cardiology Reviews Cytochrome P450-Activated Prodrugs: Targeted Drug Delivery
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Genetic and Peptide-Based Strategies Targeting the Bcl-2 Family, an Update
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences The Structure-Function Relationships of Complement Receptor Type 2 (CR2; CD21)
Current Protein & Peptide Science Peptides as Signaling Inhibitors for Mammalian MAP Kinase Cascades
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Natural Killer T Cells in Acute Kidney Injury: Angel or Evil?
Current Protein & Peptide Science Prasugrel: A Novel Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery <i>Nigella sativa</i>, as Preventive Strategy in COVID-19
Current Traditional Medicine The Gut Microbiota as a Target for Improved Surgical Outcome and Improved Patient Care
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pleiotropic Beneficial Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate, Quercetin and Delphinidin on Cardiovascular Diseases Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Mitochondrion-Specific Antioxidants as Drug Treatments for Alzheimer Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets PDE5 Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Profile
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exosomes and Exosomal microRNAs in Age-associated Stroke
Current Vascular Pharmacology