Abstract
Malaria imposes a serious threat to human and becomes more prevalent due to the emergence of drug resistant parasite. Understanding of the underlying mechanism of drug resistance and identification of novel drug targets are key effective processes for the management of malaria. Malaria parasite is highly susceptible to oxidative stress but lives in a pro-oxidant rich environment containing oxygen and iron, which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. Management of oxidative stress in malaria parasite is tightly regulated through active redox and antioxidant defense systems. The elevation of oxidative stress as a result of inhibition of any component of this defense system leads to redox imbalance and ultimately parasite death. Therefore, redox system plays an indispensable role for the survival of parasite within the host. Identification of key molecules, which disrupt parasite redox balance by altering key redox reactions and promote oxidative stress in parasites, would be an effective approach to develop novel antimalarial drugs. During the last few decades, contributions by researchers around the globe provide even better understanding of redox biology of malaria parasite. Here, in this review, we are highlighting the knowledge gathered so far regarding the essential redox-active processes and their components in malaria parasite to overcome elevated oxidative insults. We have also given maximum efforts to enlist currently used redox-active antimalarials, their mode of action and pharmacotherapeutic implications.
Keywords: Antimalarial, Dithiols, Free heme, Hemozoin, Redox-active, Reactive oxygen species, pharmacotherapeutic implications, pro-oxidant, parasitic infections, morphologically
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Redox Regulation in Malaria: Current Concepts and Pharmacotherapeutic Implications
Volume: 19 Issue: 10
Author(s): M. Goyal, A. Alam, U. Bandyopadhyay
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antimalarial, Dithiols, Free heme, Hemozoin, Redox-active, Reactive oxygen species, pharmacotherapeutic implications, pro-oxidant, parasitic infections, morphologically
Abstract:
Malaria imposes a serious threat to human and becomes more prevalent due to the emergence of drug resistant parasite. Understanding of the underlying mechanism of drug resistance and identification of novel drug targets are key effective processes for the management of malaria. Malaria parasite is highly susceptible to oxidative stress but lives in a pro-oxidant rich environment containing oxygen and iron, which produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species. Management of oxidative stress in malaria parasite is tightly regulated through active redox and antioxidant defense systems. The elevation of oxidative stress as a result of inhibition of any component of this defense system leads to redox imbalance and ultimately parasite death. Therefore, redox system plays an indispensable role for the survival of parasite within the host. Identification of key molecules, which disrupt parasite redox balance by altering key redox reactions and promote oxidative stress in parasites, would be an effective approach to develop novel antimalarial drugs. During the last few decades, contributions by researchers around the globe provide even better understanding of redox biology of malaria parasite. Here, in this review, we are highlighting the knowledge gathered so far regarding the essential redox-active processes and their components in malaria parasite to overcome elevated oxidative insults. We have also given maximum efforts to enlist currently used redox-active antimalarials, their mode of action and pharmacotherapeutic implications.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Goyal, A. Alam, U. Bandyopadhyay , Redox Regulation in Malaria: Current Concepts and Pharmacotherapeutic Implications, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012; 19 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712799828328
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986712799828328 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Synergistic Activation of Leukocytes by Bacterial Chemoattractants: Potential Drug Targets
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The 21st Century Form of Vitamin E - Tocotrienol
Current Pharmaceutical Design Conference Report (The XVth International Symposium of Brain Edema and Cellular Injury)
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Zinc and Copper Homeostasis in Head and Neck Cancer: Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ankylosing Spondylitis Among Familial Mediterranean Fever Patients
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Bacterial Protein Mimetic of Peptide Hormone as a New Class of Protein- based Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Complex Biology of FOXO
Current Drug Targets Review of Patents and Application of Spray Drying in Pharmaceutical, Food and Flavor Industry
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Preface [Hot Topic: Imaging Diabetic Pancreas (Guest Editor: Anna Moore)]
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Sympathetic Activation in Hypertension and in Hypertension-Related Metabolic Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews The Potential Therapeutic Use of Stem Cells in Cartilage Repair
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Interactions of Biologically Active Factors and Vascular Mediators During Hypertension in Pregnancy
Current Hypertension Reviews Oxidative Stress Genes, Antioxidants and Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Therapeutic Vaccines Explored in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Infant Breast-Feeding and Suppression of Biomarkers of Future Cardiovascular Disease
Current Nutrition & Food Science Endless Pursuit: Evolution of Insulin Administration
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Editorial (Thematic Issue: Treating Major Age-Related Diseases in Older and Oldest Old Patients)
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Pharmacology of Ageing in Drosophila
Current Drug Targets Implication of Green Tea as a Possible Therapeutic Approach for Parkinson Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Risk Assessment for Diabetes Mellitus by Using Indian Diabetes Risk Score Among Office Workers of Health Institutions of South India
Current Diabetes Reviews