Oncoproteomics of Neuroblastoma: A Blueprint for Future Progress

Hari   R.   Kumar; Xiaoling      Zhong; Robert   J.   Hickey; Linda   H.   Malkas; John   A.   Sandoval

Abstract

High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) represents a problematic tumor phenotype associated with a dreary outlook. Modern molecular achievements over the last decade have seen the increase and implementation of omics technologies in oncology that promises to provide for a deeper comprehension of complex tumor pathways. The emerging concept of analyzing NB-specific omics profiles to better understand and define the behavior of advanced-stage tumors along with providing direct and targeted therapy may ultimately translate into improved outcomes for high-risk NB. Knowledge of NB proteomics has gradually become available, but the challenge remains to integrate data obtained from different levels of biological organization. In this review, we provide an overview of the proteomics-based techniques that can be used to advance and accelerate the discovery of novel molecular biomarkers for NB. By citing specific examples, we discuss how proteomics has contributed to the early detection of advanced-stage NB and minimal residual disease. We end by contemplating the emerging technologies that are likely to have a high impact on the field of NB in the near future.

Keywords: Neuroblastoma, proteomics, post-genomic era, biomarkers, minimal residual disease, metastatic tumor cells, 'omics technologies, systems biology