Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a frequent finding in several clinical settings, including bone marrow failure associated with various disorders, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and chronic liver diseases. Currently, there is an unmet need for thrombopoietic agents to treat this condition. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the key cytokine involved in thrombopoiesis, and is the endogenous ligand for the thrombopoietin receptor that is expressed on the surface of megakaryocytes and megakaryocytic precursors. Although clinical trials with first generation thrombopoietic agents were abruptly discontinued after the development of TPO autoantibodies had been observed, non-antigenic second generation thrombopoietic growth factors with unique pharmacological properties have been developed. These include TPO peptide mimetics (AMG 531 and Fab59), TPO nonpeptide mimetics (eltrombopag, NIP-004, and AKR-501) and TPO agonist antibodies. All of these bind to and activate the TPO receptor in different ways but all via JAK2/STAT signalling pathways, producing a dose-dependent rise in platelet counts. In view of their use as therapeutic agents, nonpeptide agonists seem to have an advantage over peptide agonists, in that they could be orally bioavailable. The aim of the present review is to illustrate the biology of TPO and its receptor, and to describe the structure and function of the new thrombopoietic agents.
Keywords: Thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin receptor, mpl, eltrombopag, AMG531, NIP-004, AKR-501, FAB59
Current Drug Discovery Technologies
Title: Biologic Aspects of Thrombopoietin and the Development of Novel Thrombopoietic Agents for Clinical Use
Volume: 4 Issue: 3
Author(s): Maria Laura Evangelista, Sergio Amadori, Roberto Stasi, Maria Laura Evangelista, Sergio Amadori and Roberto Stasi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin receptor, mpl, eltrombopag, AMG531, NIP-004, AKR-501, FAB59
Abstract: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent finding in several clinical settings, including bone marrow failure associated with various disorders, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and chronic liver diseases. Currently, there is an unmet need for thrombopoietic agents to treat this condition. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the key cytokine involved in thrombopoiesis, and is the endogenous ligand for the thrombopoietin receptor that is expressed on the surface of megakaryocytes and megakaryocytic precursors. Although clinical trials with first generation thrombopoietic agents were abruptly discontinued after the development of TPO autoantibodies had been observed, non-antigenic second generation thrombopoietic growth factors with unique pharmacological properties have been developed. These include TPO peptide mimetics (AMG 531 and Fab59), TPO nonpeptide mimetics (eltrombopag, NIP-004, and AKR-501) and TPO agonist antibodies. All of these bind to and activate the TPO receptor in different ways but all via JAK2/STAT signalling pathways, producing a dose-dependent rise in platelet counts. In view of their use as therapeutic agents, nonpeptide agonists seem to have an advantage over peptide agonists, in that they could be orally bioavailable. The aim of the present review is to illustrate the biology of TPO and its receptor, and to describe the structure and function of the new thrombopoietic agents.
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Evangelista Laura Maria, Amadori Sergio, Stasi Roberto, Evangelista Laura Maria, Amadori Sergio and Stasi Roberto, Biologic Aspects of Thrombopoietin and the Development of Novel Thrombopoietic Agents for Clinical Use, Current Drug Discovery Technologies 2007; 4 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016307782109698
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016307782109698 |
Print ISSN 1570-1638 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6220 |
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