Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is characterized by obvious inflammatory cell aggregations, up-regulation of cytokine expression, and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. Like systemic bacterial infections, cerebral injury is also associated with innate immunity, a specific immunologic response that utilizes Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The involvement of TLRs in cerebral ischemia is now being confirmed using animal models. Recent reports reveal that mice that lack TLR2 and TLR4 show improved stroke outcomes and that TLR2 and 4 may contribute to neuronal injury that occurs after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports concerning the association of TLRs with cerebral ischemia.
Keywords: Cerebral ischemia, inflammation, innate immunity, mouse, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), Toll-like receptor (TLR), HMGB1, HSP60, IFN-, IRF3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, MMP, MyD88, neuron, NF-B, pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs), pattern-recognition receptor (PPR), TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR9, TNF-, Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR), TRIF
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Involvement of Toll-like Receptors in Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage
Volume: 11 Issue: 2
Author(s): Junya Hamanaka and Hideaki Hara
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cerebral ischemia, inflammation, innate immunity, mouse, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), Toll-like receptor (TLR), HMGB1, HSP60, IFN-, IRF3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, MMP, MyD88, neuron, NF-B, pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs), pattern-recognition receptor (PPR), TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR9, TNF-, Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR), TRIF
Abstract: Cerebral ischemia is characterized by obvious inflammatory cell aggregations, up-regulation of cytokine expression, and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. Like systemic bacterial infections, cerebral injury is also associated with innate immunity, a specific immunologic response that utilizes Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The involvement of TLRs in cerebral ischemia is now being confirmed using animal models. Recent reports reveal that mice that lack TLR2 and TLR4 show improved stroke outcomes and that TLR2 and 4 may contribute to neuronal injury that occurs after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports concerning the association of TLRs with cerebral ischemia.
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Cite this article as:
Hamanaka Junya and Hara Hideaki, Involvement of Toll-like Receptors in Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage, Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 11 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152411796011312
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152411796011312 |
Print ISSN 1871-5249 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6166 |
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