Abstract
The occurrence of a plaque-dependent inflammation in Alzheimers disease has been extensively documented in both human specimens and transgenic models of the disease. Since insoluble plaques are present in AD patients from early preclinical stages of the pathology, the point at which neuroinflammation first occurs in the progression of the AD pathology is still unknown. In this review we discuss the clinical and experimental evidence for the occurrence of inflammation in preclinical, asymptomatic phases of the progression of the AD pathology. In particular, we discuss the evidence from different transgenic models suggesting that a pro-inflammatory process might even be initiated prior to plaque deposition. The factors responsible for the early, pre-plaque inflammation are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of soluble Aβ-oligomers. Furthermore, we analyze the consequences of the microglial activation and the deregulation of NGF metabolism, in the context of the earliest amyloid pathology. Finally, we propose MMP-9 as a promising biomarker for signalling early stages of an ongoing CNS inflammation.
Keywords: Preclinical Alzheimer's disease, Aβ oligomers, inflammation, transgenic mice, NGF, MMP-9
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Does a Pro-Inflammatory Process Precede Alzheimers Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment?
Volume: 8 Issue: 2
Author(s): M. T. Ferretti and A. C. Cuello
Affiliation:
Keywords: Preclinical Alzheimer's disease, Aβ oligomers, inflammation, transgenic mice, NGF, MMP-9
Abstract: The occurrence of a plaque-dependent inflammation in Alzheimers disease has been extensively documented in both human specimens and transgenic models of the disease. Since insoluble plaques are present in AD patients from early preclinical stages of the pathology, the point at which neuroinflammation first occurs in the progression of the AD pathology is still unknown. In this review we discuss the clinical and experimental evidence for the occurrence of inflammation in preclinical, asymptomatic phases of the progression of the AD pathology. In particular, we discuss the evidence from different transgenic models suggesting that a pro-inflammatory process might even be initiated prior to plaque deposition. The factors responsible for the early, pre-plaque inflammation are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of soluble Aβ-oligomers. Furthermore, we analyze the consequences of the microglial activation and the deregulation of NGF metabolism, in the context of the earliest amyloid pathology. Finally, we propose MMP-9 as a promising biomarker for signalling early stages of an ongoing CNS inflammation.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
T. Ferretti M. and C. Cuello A., Does a Pro-Inflammatory Process Precede Alzheimers Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment?, Current Alzheimer Research 2011; 8 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720511795255982
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720511795255982 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Stem Cell Function, Self-Renewal, Heterogeneity, and Regenerative Potential in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine The Impact of Marijuana Use on Memory in HIV-Infected Patients: A Comprehensive Review of the HIV and Marijuana Literatures
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Development of Tablet Device App for Parkinson’s Disease Patients’ Continuous Self-Monitoring and Management
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Relevance of Dyslipidaemia and its Consequences in Periodontal Patients with Co-Existing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Therapeutic Targets
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery A panoramic view of chronic liver diseases and natural remedies reported in Traditional Persian Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diagnosis, Treatment, and New Developments in Preeclampsia
Current Women`s Health Reviews Multifunctional Lipoic Acid Conjugates
Current Medicinal Chemistry Melatonin Redox Activity. Its Potential Clinical Applications in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Administration of Exogenous Surfactant and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Inhibitors may Help COVID-19 Infected Patients with Chronic Diseases
Coronaviruses Recent Approaches Targeting Beta-Amyloid for Therapeutic Intervention of Alzheimer's disease
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Renal Biopsy Research with Implications for Therapy of Glomerulonephritis
Current Drug Therapy Antiphospholipid Syndrome as a Neurological Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Patient Variables Associated with the Assignment of a Formal Dementia Diagnosis to Positively Screened Primary Care Patients
Current Alzheimer Research Tau PET Distributional Pattern in AD Patients with Visuospatial Dysfunction
Current Alzheimer Research Modulation of Rack-1/PKCβII Signalling By Soluble AβPPα in SH-SY5Y Cells
Current Alzheimer Research Functional Activities Questionnaire Items that Best Discriminate and Predict Progression from Clinically Normal to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research The TT allele of rs405509 synergizes with APOE ε4 in the impairment of cognition and its underlying default mode network in non-demented elderly
Current Alzheimer Research Antiplatelet Therapies: Platelet GPIIb / IIIa Antagonists and Beyond
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Pleiotropic Effects of PPARs on Vascular Cells and Angiogenesis: Implications for Tissue Engineering
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy