Abstract
Analogous to the “triad of anaesthesia” (hypnosis, analgesia and muscle relaxation), analgesia, prevention or control of delirium, and sedation form the ‘triad’ of intensive care pharmacotherapy to facilitate tolerable mechanical ventilation in the critically ill. As in the triad of anaesthesia, agents used primarily for one of these three purposes have additional effects on the other two. In intensive care practice, sedation should therefore not be considered in isolation, but as part of an integrated strategy aimed at minimising patient distress, maximising the efficiency of mechanical ventilation, and facilitating extubation as soon as possible. This review begins by discussing the pharmacology of the agents primarily targeting each component of the ‘triad of intensive care’ , followed by a review of recent research into how these agents should be optimally combined and administered to achieve the best possible patient outcomes.
Keywords: Hypnotics and sedatives, delirium, analgesia, intensive care, respiration, artificial, anaesthesia, sedation, Analgesics, endotracheal intubation, dysphoria, Pethidine, Opioids, Morphine, Fentanyl, Remifentanil, Hypnotics, Midazolam, Lorazepam, Diazepam, Propofol, Alpha Agonists, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, propofol infusion syndrome, SEDCOM, haloperidol, Olanzapine, Risperidione, Muscle Relaxants, Agitation, Pain, ventilation
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews
Title: Optimal Sedation for the Ventilation of Critically Ill Patients
Volume: 6 Issue: 4
Author(s): Michael C. Reade
Affiliation:
Keywords: Hypnotics and sedatives, delirium, analgesia, intensive care, respiration, artificial, anaesthesia, sedation, Analgesics, endotracheal intubation, dysphoria, Pethidine, Opioids, Morphine, Fentanyl, Remifentanil, Hypnotics, Midazolam, Lorazepam, Diazepam, Propofol, Alpha Agonists, Clonidine, Dexmedetomidine, propofol infusion syndrome, SEDCOM, haloperidol, Olanzapine, Risperidione, Muscle Relaxants, Agitation, Pain, ventilation
Abstract: Analogous to the “triad of anaesthesia” (hypnosis, analgesia and muscle relaxation), analgesia, prevention or control of delirium, and sedation form the ‘triad’ of intensive care pharmacotherapy to facilitate tolerable mechanical ventilation in the critically ill. As in the triad of anaesthesia, agents used primarily for one of these three purposes have additional effects on the other two. In intensive care practice, sedation should therefore not be considered in isolation, but as part of an integrated strategy aimed at minimising patient distress, maximising the efficiency of mechanical ventilation, and facilitating extubation as soon as possible. This review begins by discussing the pharmacology of the agents primarily targeting each component of the ‘triad of intensive care’ , followed by a review of recent research into how these agents should be optimally combined and administered to achieve the best possible patient outcomes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
C. Reade Michael, Optimal Sedation for the Ventilation of Critically Ill Patients, Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 2010; 6 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339810793563677
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339810793563677 |
Print ISSN 1573-398X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6387 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Exposure to PM2.5 components is associated with respiratory diseases
Through continuous research on the relationship between risk factors and health, it has been found that air pollution, especially atmospheric particulate matter pollution, has become one of the main sources of global disease burden. From 1990 to 2022, the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter pollution has increased by more than ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
In Vitro Human Hepatocyte-Based Experimental Systems for the Evaluation of Human Drug Metabolism, Drug-Drug Interactions, and Drug Toxicity in Drug Development
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Cannabinoids as Neuroprotective Agents in Traumatic Brain Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Choice of Treatment with Antidepressants: Influencing Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Role for Leptin in the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and in Immune Response, an Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chemotherapy and Cardiotoxicity in Hematologic Malignancies
Current Cancer Drug Targets Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157-NO-system Relation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Strategies in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Current Drug Targets Rabbit Models of Ocular Diseases: New Relevance for Classical Approaches
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets New Anti-Anginal Drugs: Ranolazine
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Critical Roles for Bradykinin and Prostanoids in Acute Inflammatory Reactions: A Search Using Experimental Animal Models
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy Role of Secondary Alcohol Metabolites in Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: from Hypotheses to New Drugs
Drug Design Reviews - Online (Discontinued) Emergence in Pyrazolines: Synthetic and Biological Perspective
The Natural Products Journal Fatal Lactic Acidosis Precipitated by Nifedipine in a Patient Treated with Disulfiram and Antiretrovirals
Drug Metabolism Letters Role of Central and Peripheral Chemoreceptors in Vasopressin Secretion Control
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Endothelial Dysfunction in Metabolic Diseases: Role of Oxidation and Possible Therapeutic Employment of N-acetylcysteine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Epidemiology of Major Congenital Malformations with Specific Focus on Teratogens
Current Drug Safety Melatonin, a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Smooth Muscle-Related Pathological Conditions and Aging
Current Medicinal Chemistry Design, Development and Optimization of Ramipril Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Solvent Emulsification and Evaporation Method
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia Ethosomes as Novel Vesicular Carrier: An Overview of the Principle, Preparation and its Applications
Current Drug Delivery Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Veterinary Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design