Abstract
The appeal of using embryonic stem (ES) cells for regenerative medicine lies in their pluripotency and resulting ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types. While graft rejection remains the greatest hurdle to their use in the clinic, several approaches have been proposed to protect the allogeneic ES cell-derived grafts from host immunity: the creation of nuclear transfer human ES (hES) cell lines; the development of parthenogenic hES cells and iPS cells; the establishment of a bank of clinically-approved lines; the generation of hematopoietic chimerism and the induction of peripheral tolerance in recipients. Here, we discuss how the immune-privileged features of ES cells and tissues derived from them may influence these approaches and review the strategies and mechanisms involved in sustaining antigen-specific tolerance through interplay between dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T cells (Treg). This overview therefore surveys prospects for developing novel regimes to prolong acceptance of ES cell-derived tissues with minimal use of immunosuppressive drugs.
Keywords: Embryonic stem cells, immune privilege, transplantation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
Title: Embryonic Stem Cells: Overcoming the Immunological Barriers to Cell Replacement Therapy
Volume: 4 Issue: 1
Author(s): Kathy O. Lui, Herman Waldmann and Paul J. Fairchild
Affiliation:
Keywords: Embryonic stem cells, immune privilege, transplantation
Abstract: The appeal of using embryonic stem (ES) cells for regenerative medicine lies in their pluripotency and resulting ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types. While graft rejection remains the greatest hurdle to their use in the clinic, several approaches have been proposed to protect the allogeneic ES cell-derived grafts from host immunity: the creation of nuclear transfer human ES (hES) cell lines; the development of parthenogenic hES cells and iPS cells; the establishment of a bank of clinically-approved lines; the generation of hematopoietic chimerism and the induction of peripheral tolerance in recipients. Here, we discuss how the immune-privileged features of ES cells and tissues derived from them may influence these approaches and review the strategies and mechanisms involved in sustaining antigen-specific tolerance through interplay between dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T cells (Treg). This overview therefore surveys prospects for developing novel regimes to prolong acceptance of ES cell-derived tissues with minimal use of immunosuppressive drugs.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lui O. Kathy, Waldmann Herman and Fairchild J. Paul, Embryonic Stem Cells: Overcoming the Immunological Barriers to Cell Replacement Therapy, Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2009; 4 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488809787169093
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488809787169093 |
Print ISSN 1574-888X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3946 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Therapeutic Effects of Progesterone in Animal Models of Neurological Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Identification of Novel Anti-inflammatory Agents from Ayurvedic Medicine for Prevention of Chronic Diseases: “Reverse Pharmacology” and “Bedside to Bench” Approach
Current Drug Targets Chondroitin Sulfate, a Major Niche Substance of Neural Stem Cells, and Cell Transplantation Therapy of Neurodegeneration Combined with Niche Modification
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Endogenous Ligand Bias by Chemokines: Implications at the Front Lines of Infection and Leukocyte Trafficking
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Utilization of Gene Targeting Models During in Preclinical Study of Drug Discovery Process - Example of Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Cacna1 βGene Product
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Contribution of Spinal Cord Oligodendrocytes to Neuroinflammatory Diseases and Pain
Current Medicinal Chemistry Histamine in Immune Regulation: Possible Roles in Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease of the Central Nervous System
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents The Origin of Lentivirus Research: Maedi-Visna Virus
Current HIV Research An Overview of Acute Flaccid Myelitis
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Immunomodulatory Roles of VIP and PACAP in Models of Multiple Sclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sphingolipid Metabolism and Leukemia: A Potential for Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry A Friend in Need May Not be a Friend Indeed: Role of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Diabetes Mellitus: Channeling Care through Cellular Discovery
Current Neurovascular Research Immunobiology of Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Naturally Occurring and Related Synthetic Cannabinoids and their Potential Therapeutic Applications
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) FTY720 (Fingolimod) Ameliorates Brain Injury through Multiple Mechanisms and is a Strong Candidate for Stroke Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Modulating Co-Stimulation During Antigen Presentation to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Mechanisms of CTLA-4-Ig in Tolerance Induction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Mefepronic Acid (2-Phenoxy-2-Methyl Propionic Acid) on Hepatic Metabolism and Reproductive Parameters in Postpartum Dairy Cows
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Novel Targets in Multiple Sclerosis: To Oxidative Stress and Beyond
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry