Abstract
The steady state concentration of the Alzheimers amyloid-β peptide in the brain represents a balance between its biosynthesis from the transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP), its oligomerisation into neurotoxic and stable species and its degradation by a variety of amyloid-degrading enzymes, principally metallopeptidases. These include, among others, neprilysin (NEP) and its homologue endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), insulysin (IDE), angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In addition, the serine proteinase, plasmin, may participate in extracellular metabolism of the amyloid peptide under regulation of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor. These various amyloid-degrading enzymes have distinct subcellular localizations, and differential responses to aging, oxidative stress and pharmacological agents and their upregulation may provide a novel and viable therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of Alzheimers disease. Potential approaches to manipulate expression levels of the key amyloiddegrading enzymes are highlighted.
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β-peptide, amyloid precursor protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme, endothelinconverting enzyme, insulysin, neprilysin, matrix metalloproteinase, plasmin, protease
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimers Disease
Volume: 5 Issue: 2
Author(s): Natalia N. Nalivaeva, Lilia R. Fisk, Nikolai D. Belyaev and Anthony J. Turner
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β-peptide, amyloid precursor protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme, endothelinconverting enzyme, insulysin, neprilysin, matrix metalloproteinase, plasmin, protease
Abstract: The steady state concentration of the Alzheimers amyloid-β peptide in the brain represents a balance between its biosynthesis from the transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP), its oligomerisation into neurotoxic and stable species and its degradation by a variety of amyloid-degrading enzymes, principally metallopeptidases. These include, among others, neprilysin (NEP) and its homologue endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), insulysin (IDE), angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In addition, the serine proteinase, plasmin, may participate in extracellular metabolism of the amyloid peptide under regulation of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor. These various amyloid-degrading enzymes have distinct subcellular localizations, and differential responses to aging, oxidative stress and pharmacological agents and their upregulation may provide a novel and viable therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of Alzheimers disease. Potential approaches to manipulate expression levels of the key amyloiddegrading enzymes are highlighted.
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Cite this article as:
Nalivaeva N. Natalia, Fisk R. Lilia, Belyaev D. Nikolai and Turner J. Anthony, Amyloid-Degrading Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimers Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2008; 5 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720508783954785
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720508783954785 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
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