Abstract
NAMI-A, i. e. (imH)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(im)] (im = imidazole, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide), is a Ru(III) complex that, after extensive preclinical investigations that evidenced its remarkable and specific activity against metastases, has recently and successfully completed a Phase I trial (first ruthenium complex ever to reach clinical testing). This review article, after a brief summary of the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of NAMI-A, focuses on the development of new classes of ruthenium complexes originated from the NAMI-A frame. In particular, the chemical and biological features of the following classes of compounds will be treated: i) NAMI-A-type complexes, derived from NAMI-A by changing the nature of the N-ligand, ii) dinuclear NAMI-A-type compounds containing heterocyclic bridging N-N ligands, iii) new Ru-dmso nitrosyls broadly derived from NAMI-A-type complexes. Several of these new compounds were found to have antimetastatic activity comparable to, or even better than, NAMI-A; however, the nature of the target(s) responsible for the antimetastatic activity remains unclear. Common to any type of NAMI-A-type compound, both monomeric and dimeric, cell cytotoxicity (which is generally very low) is not sufficient to explain their potent and peculiar antitumor activity. All active NAMI-A-type compounds share the capacity to modify important parameters of metastasis such as tumor invasion, matrix metallo proteinases activity and cell cycle progression.
Keywords: ruthenium, dimethylsulfoxide, anticancer, antimetastatic, inorganic medicinal chemistry
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Ruthenium Antimetastatic Agents
Volume: 4 Issue: 15
Author(s): Enzo Alessio, Giovanni Mestroni, Alberta Bergamo and Gianni Sava
Affiliation:
Keywords: ruthenium, dimethylsulfoxide, anticancer, antimetastatic, inorganic medicinal chemistry
Abstract: NAMI-A, i. e. (imH)[trans-RuCl4(dmso-S)(im)] (im = imidazole, dmso = dimethylsulfoxide), is a Ru(III) complex that, after extensive preclinical investigations that evidenced its remarkable and specific activity against metastases, has recently and successfully completed a Phase I trial (first ruthenium complex ever to reach clinical testing). This review article, after a brief summary of the main chemical and pharmacological aspects of NAMI-A, focuses on the development of new classes of ruthenium complexes originated from the NAMI-A frame. In particular, the chemical and biological features of the following classes of compounds will be treated: i) NAMI-A-type complexes, derived from NAMI-A by changing the nature of the N-ligand, ii) dinuclear NAMI-A-type compounds containing heterocyclic bridging N-N ligands, iii) new Ru-dmso nitrosyls broadly derived from NAMI-A-type complexes. Several of these new compounds were found to have antimetastatic activity comparable to, or even better than, NAMI-A; however, the nature of the target(s) responsible for the antimetastatic activity remains unclear. Common to any type of NAMI-A-type compound, both monomeric and dimeric, cell cytotoxicity (which is generally very low) is not sufficient to explain their potent and peculiar antitumor activity. All active NAMI-A-type compounds share the capacity to modify important parameters of metastasis such as tumor invasion, matrix metallo proteinases activity and cell cycle progression.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Enzo Alessio , Giovanni Mestroni , Alberta Bergamo and Gianni Sava , Ruthenium Antimetastatic Agents, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 4 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026043387421
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026043387421 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
A TRIBUTE TO A LIVING LEGEND (Special Issue in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman.)
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Apoptosis-Induction is A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Gastrointestinal and Liver Cancers
Current Gene Therapy Preface
Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders The Management of Membranous Glomerulopathy in Allogeneic Stem Cells Transplantation: Updated Literature
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Selective Binding BAFF/APRIL by the In and Outside Conservative Region of BCMA
Protein & Peptide Letters MicroRNA Expression in Coronary Artery Disease
MicroRNA Midkine: A Promising Molecule for Drug Development to Treat Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Telomerase and Survivin in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer – Biomarkers of Life and Death in the Balance Between Proliferation and Apoptosis
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Elderly: Current Therapeutic Results and Perspectives for Clinical Research
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Quinones Derived from Plant Secondary Metabolites as Anti-cancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Stem Cell Guardians – Old and New Perspectives in LSC Biology
Current Drug Targets Applications of Mannich Reaction in Total Syntheses of Natural Products
Current Organic Chemistry Advances in the Molecular Detection of ABC Transporters Involved in Multidrug Resistance in Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Skin Cancers in Elderly Patients
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Motor Neuron Disease and Acquired Axonal Neuropathy Association in HIV Infection: Case Report and Update
Current HIV Research Gene Selection in Multi-class Imbalanced Microarray Datasets Using Dynamic Length Particle Swarm Optimization
Current Bioinformatics Tyrphostins as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Acute Kidney Injury
Current Medicinal Chemistry The IFN-λ Family (IL-28/29)
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry miRNAs in Bone Development
Current Genomics Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-2 as a Target for Cancer Therapy: Progress in the Development of CDK2 Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry