Abstract
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk for Dementia of Alzheimers type (DAT), vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy Body (LBD) and Fronto-temporal dementias (FTD). Risk factors and conversion rates of MCI to dementia have not been thoroughly investigated in developing countries. Chinese and English versions of Mini-Mental State Examination were administered serially among well-matched subjects from two clinics located in Xian, China and Houston, USA. Subtle cognitive impairments were weighed according to MCI criteria as defined previously. Subjects with MCI were followed for an additional 3 years after their identification. Diagnoses of VaD and DAT were made according to established criteria. During screening period, 73 American and 65 Chinese individuals were identified with MCI. After 3 years of MCI follow-up, of the 73 American MCI subjects, 35 (47.9%) developed DAT and 15 (20.5%) developed VaD. Of the 65 Chinese MCI subjects, 12 (18.5%) developed DAT and 19 (29.2%) developed VaD. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, Chinese MCI subjects, despite their lower educational level, are 1.7 times less likely to progress to DAT and 2.3 times more likely to progress to VaD than American subjects within 3 years of MCI being identified (p < 0.01). Data suggest that progression rates of MCI vary considerably among subjects from two countries. American MCI subjects are more prone to DAT, while Chinese subjects are more prone to VaD. Differences in genetic factors, cultures, educational levels, and preventive treatments of vascular risk factors are proposed as responsible for this uneven geographic distribution for different types of dementia.
Keywords: Aging, Alzheimer Disease (DAT), Cross-Cultural Comparison, Vascular Dementia (VAD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Psychometrics
Current Alzheimer Research
Title: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Mild Cognitive Impairment between China and USA
Volume: 1 Issue: 1
Author(s): Gelin Xu, John Stirling Meyer, Yuangui Huang, Guanghui Chen, Munir Chowdhury and Minh Quach
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aging, Alzheimer Disease (DAT), Cross-Cultural Comparison, Vascular Dementia (VAD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Psychometrics
Abstract: Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk for Dementia of Alzheimers type (DAT), vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy Body (LBD) and Fronto-temporal dementias (FTD). Risk factors and conversion rates of MCI to dementia have not been thoroughly investigated in developing countries. Chinese and English versions of Mini-Mental State Examination were administered serially among well-matched subjects from two clinics located in Xian, China and Houston, USA. Subtle cognitive impairments were weighed according to MCI criteria as defined previously. Subjects with MCI were followed for an additional 3 years after their identification. Diagnoses of VaD and DAT were made according to established criteria. During screening period, 73 American and 65 Chinese individuals were identified with MCI. After 3 years of MCI follow-up, of the 73 American MCI subjects, 35 (47.9%) developed DAT and 15 (20.5%) developed VaD. Of the 65 Chinese MCI subjects, 12 (18.5%) developed DAT and 19 (29.2%) developed VaD. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, Chinese MCI subjects, despite their lower educational level, are 1.7 times less likely to progress to DAT and 2.3 times more likely to progress to VaD than American subjects within 3 years of MCI being identified (p < 0.01). Data suggest that progression rates of MCI vary considerably among subjects from two countries. American MCI subjects are more prone to DAT, while Chinese subjects are more prone to VaD. Differences in genetic factors, cultures, educational levels, and preventive treatments of vascular risk factors are proposed as responsible for this uneven geographic distribution for different types of dementia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Xu Gelin, Meyer Stirling John, Huang Yuangui, Chen Guanghui, Chowdhury Munir and Quach Minh, Cross-Cultural Comparison of Mild Cognitive Impairment between China and USA, Current Alzheimer Research 2004; 1 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205043480564
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205043480564 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Serum Protein and Lipid Oxidation Marker Levels in Alzheimers Disease and Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Antipsychotic Drugs Therapy
Current Alzheimer Research Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin: From Chemistry to Medicine
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Imidazoline Receptor Agonists for Managing Hypertension May Hold Promise for Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Current Molecular Medicine The Ability of Tolfenamic Acid to Penetrate the Brain: A Model for Testing the Brain Disposition of Candidate Alzheimers Drugs Using Multiple Platforms
Current Alzheimer Research Editorial: Bioengineering, Clinical and Therapeutical Trends in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interactions Between Apo E and Amyloid Beta and their Relationship to Nutriproteomics and Neurodegeneration
Current Proteomics Support and Social Contact as a Decisive Meta-Variable in Morbidity and Social Welfare of the Older Person
Current Aging Science A Possible New Diagnostic Biomarker in Early Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Herbal Compounds with Special Reference to Gastrodin as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Updates in Imperative Natural Compounds for Healthy Brain and Nerve Function: A Systematic Review of Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
Current Drug Targets Prodrugs and Endogenous Transporters: Are They Suitable Tools for Drug Targeting into the Central Nervous System?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurochemical and Neuropharmacological Aspects of Circadian Disruptions: An Introduction to Asynchronization
Current Neuropharmacology Systemic Redox Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Drug Metabolism The Diagnostic Value of CSF Amyloid-β<sub>43</sub> in Differentiation of Dementia Syndromes
Current Alzheimer Research Newer Insights in Personalized and Evidence Based Medicine- the Role of MicroRNAs
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Silent Cerebral Damage in Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Newly Diagnosed Dementia and Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Current Alzheimer Research Novel Therapeutic Targets in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: The Neuroepigenome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondrial Deficits Accompany Cognitive Decline Following Single Bilateral Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin
Current Alzheimer Research Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as Potential Cognition Enhancing Agents
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry