Abstract
Thyroid gland presents a wide spectrum of tumours derived from follicular cells that range from well differentiated, papillary and follicular carcinoma (PTC and FTC, respectively), usually carrying a good prognosis, to the clinically aggressive, poorly differentiated (PDTC) and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC). It is usually accepted that PDTC and UTC occur either de novo or progress from a pre-existing well differentiated carcinoma through a multistep process of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to clonal expansion and neoplastic development. Mutations and epigenetic alterations in PDTC and UTC are far from being totally clarified. Assuming that PDTC and UTC may derive from well differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTC), it is expected that some PDTC and UTC would harbour genetic alterations that are typical of PTC and FTC. This is the case for some molecular markers (BRAF and NRAS) that are present in WDTC, PDTC and UTC. Other genes, namely P53, are almost exclusively detected in less differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid tumours, supporting a diagnosis of PDTC or, much more often, UTC. Thyroid-specific rearrangements RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ, on the other hand, are rarely found in PDTC and UTC, suggesting that these genetic alterations do not predispose cells to dedifferentiation. In the present review we have summarized the molecular changes associated with the two most aggressive types of thyroid cancer.
Keywords: telomerase, PI3K, β-catenin, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, BRAF, RAS, Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, P53, Genetic Alterations, WNT PATHWAY
Current Genomics
Title: Genetic Alterations in Poorly Differentiated and Undifferentiated Thyroid Carcinomas
Volume: 12 Issue: 8
Author(s): Paula Soares, Jorge Lima, Ana Preto, Patricia Castro, Joao Vinagre, Ricardo Celestino, Joana P. Couto, Hugo Prazeres, Catarina Eloy, Valdemar Maximo and M. Sobrinho-Simoes
Affiliation:
Keywords: telomerase, PI3K, β-catenin, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, BRAF, RAS, Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma, P53, Genetic Alterations, WNT PATHWAY
Abstract: Thyroid gland presents a wide spectrum of tumours derived from follicular cells that range from well differentiated, papillary and follicular carcinoma (PTC and FTC, respectively), usually carrying a good prognosis, to the clinically aggressive, poorly differentiated (PDTC) and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC). It is usually accepted that PDTC and UTC occur either de novo or progress from a pre-existing well differentiated carcinoma through a multistep process of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to clonal expansion and neoplastic development. Mutations and epigenetic alterations in PDTC and UTC are far from being totally clarified. Assuming that PDTC and UTC may derive from well differentiated thyroid carcinomas (WDTC), it is expected that some PDTC and UTC would harbour genetic alterations that are typical of PTC and FTC. This is the case for some molecular markers (BRAF and NRAS) that are present in WDTC, PDTC and UTC. Other genes, namely P53, are almost exclusively detected in less differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid tumours, supporting a diagnosis of PDTC or, much more often, UTC. Thyroid-specific rearrangements RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ, on the other hand, are rarely found in PDTC and UTC, suggesting that these genetic alterations do not predispose cells to dedifferentiation. In the present review we have summarized the molecular changes associated with the two most aggressive types of thyroid cancer.
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Soares Paula, Lima Jorge, Preto Ana, Castro Patricia, Vinagre Joao, Celestino Ricardo, P. Couto Joana, Prazeres Hugo, Eloy Catarina, Maximo Valdemar and Sobrinho-Simoes M., Genetic Alterations in Poorly Differentiated and Undifferentiated Thyroid Carcinomas, Current Genomics 2011; 12 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120853
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120853 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
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