Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers for which conventional therapies provide only palliation. The cellular heterogeneity of glioblastomas is manifest in genetic and epigenetic variation with both stochastic and hierarchical models informing cellular phenotypes. At the apex of the hierarchy is a self-renewing, tumorigenic, cancer stem cell (CSC). The significance of CSCs is underscored by their resistance to cytotoxic therapies, invasive potential, and promotion of angiogenesis. Thus, targeting CSCs may offer therapeutic benefit and sensitize tumors to conventional treatment, demanding elucidation of CSC regulation. Attention has been paid to intrinsic cellular systems in CSCs, but recognition of extrinsic factors is evolving. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are enriched in functional niches-prominently the perivascular space and hypoxic regions. These niches provide instructive cues to maintain GSCs and induce cellular plasticity towards a stem-like phenotype. GSC-maintaining niches may therefore offer novel therapeutic targets but also signal additional complexity with perhaps different pools of GSCs governed by different molecular mechanisms that must be targeted for tumor control.
Keywords: Glioma stem cell, cancer stem cell, microenvironment, glioma, vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal-derived factor 1, CD133, glycosylation, angiogenesis, digoxin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance: The Role of the Microenvironment
Volume: 17 Issue: 23
Author(s): John M. Heddleston, Masahiro Hitomi, Monica Venere, William A. Flavahan, Kenneth Yang, Youngmi Kim, Sana Minhas, Jeremy N. Rich and Anita B. Hjelmeland
Affiliation:
Keywords: Glioma stem cell, cancer stem cell, microenvironment, glioma, vascular endothelial growth factor, stromal-derived factor 1, CD133, glycosylation, angiogenesis, digoxin
Abstract: Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers for which conventional therapies provide only palliation. The cellular heterogeneity of glioblastomas is manifest in genetic and epigenetic variation with both stochastic and hierarchical models informing cellular phenotypes. At the apex of the hierarchy is a self-renewing, tumorigenic, cancer stem cell (CSC). The significance of CSCs is underscored by their resistance to cytotoxic therapies, invasive potential, and promotion of angiogenesis. Thus, targeting CSCs may offer therapeutic benefit and sensitize tumors to conventional treatment, demanding elucidation of CSC regulation. Attention has been paid to intrinsic cellular systems in CSCs, but recognition of extrinsic factors is evolving. Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are enriched in functional niches-prominently the perivascular space and hypoxic regions. These niches provide instructive cues to maintain GSCs and induce cellular plasticity towards a stem-like phenotype. GSC-maintaining niches may therefore offer novel therapeutic targets but also signal additional complexity with perhaps different pools of GSCs governed by different molecular mechanisms that must be targeted for tumor control.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
M. Heddleston John, Hitomi Masahiro, Venere Monica, A. Flavahan William, Yang Kenneth, Kim Youngmi, Minhas Sana, N. Rich Jeremy and B. Hjelmeland Anita, Glioma Stem Cell Maintenance: The Role of the Microenvironment, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (23) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797249260
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797249260 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Calcium Ion – The Key Player in Cerebral Ischemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry High Order Texture-Based Analysis in Biomedical Images
Current Medical Imaging Supertargeted Chemistry: Identifying Relationships Between Molecular Structures and their Sub-Cellular Distribution
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry CXCR4 Receptor as a Promising Target for Oncolytic Drugs
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells for Treatment of Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Current Neurovascular Research Base Excision Repair: Contribution to Tumorigenesis and Target in Anticancer Treatment Paradigms
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry MicroRNA Mediated Network and DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer
Protein & Peptide Letters Ring Finger Ubiquitin Protein Ligases and Their Implication to the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Correlation between Potassium Channel Expression and Sensitivity to Drug-induced Cell Death in Tumor Cell Lines
Current Pharmaceutical Design Attenuated Oncolytic Measles Virus Strains as Cancer Therapeutics
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linnaeus (Malvaceae), Curcumin and Resveratrol as Alternative Medicinal Agents Against Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Connexin Genes as Promising Therapeutic Targets in Cancers
Current Pharmacogenomics Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Molecular and Biological Activity as a Premise to Clinical Application
Current Drug Metabolism Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Prevents Melanoma Growth via Angiogenesis Inhibition
Current Pharmaceutical Design Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Production, Properties, Biological Interactions and Potential Applications as Therapeutic Agents in Brain Diseases
Current Nanoscience Development and Clinical Application of Peptide-Based Radiopharmaceuticals
Current Pharmaceutical Design Emerging Role of NF-κB in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Repurposing Chloroquine Analogs as an Adjuvant Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Genetic Chemoprotection with Mutant O6-Alkylguanine-DNA-Alkyltransferases
Current Gene Therapy