Abstract
Androgens, acting through the androgen receptor (AR), are responsible for many male reproductive and nonreproductive functions. Moreover, aberrant androgen/AR signaling plays a critical role in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) as well as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The formation of a productive AR transcriptional complex requires AR cofactors that interact functionally and structurally with the AR. Since the discovery of the first such cofactor in 1995, an ever increasing number of proteins have been identified as AR coactivators or corepressors. The expression and function of several AR cofactors have been investigated in PCa, and a clear link between AR cofactors and the development and progression of PCa has been identified. Recently, AR splice variants in CRPC were reported, which display significant constitutive activity in the absence of ligand. Then, this discovery revolutionized the concept of AR cofactors in CRPC. The current review aims to provide an overview of AR cofactor proteins in the context of PCa. In addition, we discuss the potential of AR cofactors as novel therapeutic targets for PCa, particularly for CRPC.
Keywords: Androgen, androgen receptor, cofactor, heat shock protein 90, prostate cancer, target therapy, splice variant, DEAD box polypeptide 5, dihydrotestosterone, heterochromatin protein, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, protein arginine methyltransferase 1
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: Androgen Receptor Cofactors in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Volume: 11 Issue: 7
Author(s): Masaki Shiota, Akira Yokomizo, Naohiro Fujimoto and Seiji Naito
Affiliation:
Keywords: Androgen, androgen receptor, cofactor, heat shock protein 90, prostate cancer, target therapy, splice variant, DEAD box polypeptide 5, dihydrotestosterone, heterochromatin protein, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, protein arginine methyltransferase 1
Abstract: Androgens, acting through the androgen receptor (AR), are responsible for many male reproductive and nonreproductive functions. Moreover, aberrant androgen/AR signaling plays a critical role in androgen-dependent prostate cancer (PCa) as well as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The formation of a productive AR transcriptional complex requires AR cofactors that interact functionally and structurally with the AR. Since the discovery of the first such cofactor in 1995, an ever increasing number of proteins have been identified as AR coactivators or corepressors. The expression and function of several AR cofactors have been investigated in PCa, and a clear link between AR cofactors and the development and progression of PCa has been identified. Recently, AR splice variants in CRPC were reported, which display significant constitutive activity in the absence of ligand. Then, this discovery revolutionized the concept of AR cofactors in CRPC. The current review aims to provide an overview of AR cofactor proteins in the context of PCa. In addition, we discuss the potential of AR cofactors as novel therapeutic targets for PCa, particularly for CRPC.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Shiota Masaki, Yokomizo Akira, Fujimoto Naohiro and Naito Seiji, Androgen Receptor Cofactors in Prostate Cancer: Potential Therapeutic Targets of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2011; 11 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800911796798904
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800911796798904 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Emerging Anabolic Treatments in Osteoporosis
Current Drug Safety Assessment of a Synthetic Steroid and Flutamide on Dopamine, GSH and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Levels in Rat Brain in Presence of Fructose
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Targeting the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors for the Treatment of Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Radioprotective Effects of Plants from the Lamiaceae Family
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Overview on Anticancer Drug Design and Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry Targeting the MCP-1/CCR2 System in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Multivariate Calibration Applied to the Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Tyrosine and Epinephrine in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Fluids
Current Analytical Chemistry Combined Chemotherapy or Biotherapy with Jasmonates: Targeting Energy Metabolism for Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Subject Index to Volume 3
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents Tumor Targeting with RGD Peptide Ligands-Design of New Molecular Conjugates for Imaging and Therapy of Cancers
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry A Brief Review of circRNA Biogenesis, Detection, and Function
Current Genomics Recent Advances in Understanding Hormonal Therapy Resistant Prostate Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Targeting Malignancies with Disulfiram (Antabuse): Multidrug Resistance, Angiogenesis, and Proteasome
Current Cancer Drug Targets Effect of two Antiandrogens as Protectors of Prostate and Brain in a Huntington`s Animal Model
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Vitamin D in COPD - A Pleiotropic Micronutrient in a Multisystem Disease
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Anti-Gene Strategies to Down-Regulate Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design History and Evolution of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Guidelines
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthesis, Antitumor Activity and Molecular Docking Studies on Seven Novel Thiazacridine Derivatives
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening The mTOR Signaling Pathway is an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Reactivation of latent HIV-1 in latently infected cells by coumarin compounds: Hymecromone and ScoparoneReactivation of Latent HIV-1 in Latently Infected Cells by Coumarin Compounds: Hymecromone and Scoparone
Current HIV Research