Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is the most recently described member of the Rel family of transcription factors, including NF-κB and NFAT1-4, which play central roles in inducible gene expression during the immune response. NFAT5 was initially described to drive osmoprotective gene expression in renal medullary cells, which are routinely faced by high extracellular osmolalities. Recent data however indicate profound biological importance of the mammalian osmotic stress response in view of NFAT5 dependent gene regulation in non-renal tissues. In mononuclear cells and epithelial cells, NFAT5 stimulates the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines during elevated ambient tonicity. Accordingly, compared to plasma, the interstitial tonicity of lymphoid organs like spleen and thymus and that of liver is substantially hypertonic under physiological conditions. In addition, anisotonic disorders (hypernatremia, diabetes mellitus, dehydration) entail systemic hyperosmolality, and, in inflammatory disorders, the skin, intestine, and cornea are sites of local hyperosmolality. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding systemic and local osmotic stress in anisotonic and inflammatory disorders in view of NFAT5 activation and regulation, and NFAT5 dependent cytokine production.
Keywords: NFAT5, osmotic stress, cytokines, inflammation, gene regulation, nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), Drosophila, inositol, sorbitol, betaine, taurine, glycerophosphocholin, responsive enhancer, TonE, renal medulla, B cell activating factor, BAFF, peripheral blood monocytic cells, PBMC, hyperglycemia, epalrestat, vascular endothelial growth factor, (VEGF)-C, Human inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, IL-8, RANTES, Hyperosmolality, Hypernatremia, diabetes insipidus, hypertonic fluid therapy
Current Genomics
Title: Role of NFAT5 in Inflammatory Disorders Associated with Osmotic Stress
Volume: 11 Issue: 8
Author(s): Wolfgang Neuhofer
Affiliation:
Keywords: NFAT5, osmotic stress, cytokines, inflammation, gene regulation, nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), Drosophila, inositol, sorbitol, betaine, taurine, glycerophosphocholin, responsive enhancer, TonE, renal medulla, B cell activating factor, BAFF, peripheral blood monocytic cells, PBMC, hyperglycemia, epalrestat, vascular endothelial growth factor, (VEGF)-C, Human inflammatory bowel disease, IBD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, IL-8, RANTES, Hyperosmolality, Hypernatremia, diabetes insipidus, hypertonic fluid therapy
Abstract: Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is the most recently described member of the Rel family of transcription factors, including NF-κB and NFAT1-4, which play central roles in inducible gene expression during the immune response. NFAT5 was initially described to drive osmoprotective gene expression in renal medullary cells, which are routinely faced by high extracellular osmolalities. Recent data however indicate profound biological importance of the mammalian osmotic stress response in view of NFAT5 dependent gene regulation in non-renal tissues. In mononuclear cells and epithelial cells, NFAT5 stimulates the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines during elevated ambient tonicity. Accordingly, compared to plasma, the interstitial tonicity of lymphoid organs like spleen and thymus and that of liver is substantially hypertonic under physiological conditions. In addition, anisotonic disorders (hypernatremia, diabetes mellitus, dehydration) entail systemic hyperosmolality, and, in inflammatory disorders, the skin, intestine, and cornea are sites of local hyperosmolality. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding systemic and local osmotic stress in anisotonic and inflammatory disorders in view of NFAT5 activation and regulation, and NFAT5 dependent cytokine production.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Neuhofer Wolfgang, Role of NFAT5 in Inflammatory Disorders Associated with Osmotic Stress, Current Genomics 2010; 11 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920210793360961
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920210793360961 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Big Data in Cancer Research
Cancer is a significant threat to human life and health, remaining a highly aggressive killer. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and represents a crucial medical issue for humanity. However, in the past decade, the effectiveness of new synthetic anticancer agents has not matched the current clinical speculation. ...read more
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Emerging Role of Arginase in Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes
Current Vascular Pharmacology Antioxidant Capacity, Phytochemical Analysis and Identification of Active Compounds in Anchomanes difformis
The Natural Products Journal Heme Oxygenase-1 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Protect Against Hemeinduced Toxicity
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biochemical Markers of Renal Function
Current Medicinal Chemistry An Overview of Computer-aided Drug Design Tools and Recent Applications in Designing of Anti-diabetic Agents
Current Drug Targets Autonomic Dysfunction in Diabetes: a Consequence of Cardiovascular Damage
Current Diabetes Reviews Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Cellular Elements in Thrombus Formation and Dissolution
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Socioeconomic Position and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Europe 1999- 2009: a Panorama of Inequalities
Current Diabetes Reviews Changes in Serum Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Activation in HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Naive Patients Starting A Treatment with Abacavir-Lamivudine or Tenofovir-Emtricitabine Plus Efavirenz
Current HIV Research Context-Dependent Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Axis on Vascular Cell Function during Hyperglycemic Condition
Current Diabetes Reviews The Multiple Roles of The Transcription Factors MAZ and Pur-1, Two Proteins encoded by Housekeeping Genes
Current Genomics Can Antidiabetic Drugs Improve Male Reproductive (Dys)Function Associated with Diabetes?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of Adipocytokines in Hepatic Fibrosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neurological Disorders in Pregnancy
Current Women`s Health Reviews Searching for Phytoinsulins as Cardiovascular Protector in Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antioxidants in the Treatment of Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Rho Kinase Inhibitors: Potential Treatments for Diabetes and Diabetic Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Preparation of 2-(3-Hydroxy-1-Adamantyl)-2-Oxoacetic Acid: A Key Intermediate for Saxagliptin
Letters in Organic Chemistry Regenerative Medicine: Does Erythropoietin have a Role?
Current Pharmaceutical Design