Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is an important endocrine organ that secretes approximately 30 biologically active peptides and proteins, collectively termed “adipokines”. These are either produced exclusively by WAT (mainly adiponectin, leptin and resistin) or also by other tissues [e.g. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, angiotensinogen]. Adipokines play a central role in body homeostasis including the regulation of food intake and energy balance, insulin action, lipid and glucose metabolism, angiogenesis and vascular remodelling, regulation of blood pressure and coagulation. Excess WAT, especially visceral obesity, is linked to obesityrelated health problems through insulin resistance (IR) [leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)] and systemic lowgrade inflammation [leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD)]. The adipokines are important mediators of these adverse effects. This review describes the role of proinflammatory adipokines in the pathogenesis of IR and of the chronic inflammatory state associated with visceral obesity. Moreover, it summarises treatment options for the normalisation of adipokine levels, which might confer an additional clinical benefit in the effort to prevent or treat obesity-related T2DM and CVD.
Keywords: Obesity-related health problems, adipokines, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease
Current Drug Targets
Title: Should Adipokines be Considered in the Choice of the Treatment of Obesity-Related Health Problems?
Volume: 11 Issue: 1
Author(s): Vasilios G. Athyros, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Asterios Karagiannis, Panagiotis Anagnostis, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Gionata Fiorino, Serena Rovida, Carmen Correale, Alberto Malesci and Silvio Danese
Affiliation:
Keywords: Obesity-related health problems, adipokines, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease
Abstract: White adipose tissue (WAT) is an important endocrine organ that secretes approximately 30 biologically active peptides and proteins, collectively termed “adipokines”. These are either produced exclusively by WAT (mainly adiponectin, leptin and resistin) or also by other tissues [e.g. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, angiotensinogen]. Adipokines play a central role in body homeostasis including the regulation of food intake and energy balance, insulin action, lipid and glucose metabolism, angiogenesis and vascular remodelling, regulation of blood pressure and coagulation. Excess WAT, especially visceral obesity, is linked to obesityrelated health problems through insulin resistance (IR) [leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)] and systemic lowgrade inflammation [leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD)]. The adipokines are important mediators of these adverse effects. This review describes the role of proinflammatory adipokines in the pathogenesis of IR and of the chronic inflammatory state associated with visceral obesity. Moreover, it summarises treatment options for the normalisation of adipokine levels, which might confer an additional clinical benefit in the effort to prevent or treat obesity-related T2DM and CVD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Athyros G. Vasilios, Tziomalos Konstantinos, Karagiannis Asterios, Anagnostis Panagiotis, Mikhailidis P. Dimitri, Fiorino Gionata, Rovida Serena, Correale Carmen, Malesci Alberto and Danese Silvio, Should Adipokines be Considered in the Choice of the Treatment of Obesity-Related Health Problems?, Current Drug Targets 2010; 11 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945010790030992
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945010790030992 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Metabolic Reprogramming of Human Cells in Response to Oxidative Stress: Implications in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Mitochondrial Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Extrinsic Factors Promoting Insulin Producing Cell-Differentiation and Insulin Expression Enhancement-Hope for Diabetics.
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Pulmonary Cryptococcocal Infection
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Effect of Nanogel Structure and Reaction Parameters on Activity of Immobilized Glucose Oxidase
Current Catalysis The Role of Tirofiban in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Clinical and Prognostic Implications of Cognitive Dysfunction and Depression in COPD
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews A Comparison of Adverse Drug Reactions Between High- and Standard- Dose Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole in the Ambulatory Setting
Current Drug Safety Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: Mechanisms of Action and Implications In Anesthesia Practice
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanofibre Based Smart Pharmaceutical Scaffolds for Wound Repair and Regenerations
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advanced Diabetes Care: Three Levels of Prediction, Prevention & Personalized Treatment
Current Diabetes Reviews Adiponectin: A Key Player in Obesity Related Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuropeptides as Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmune Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Proteins for Treatment of Corneal Epithelial Defects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Catestatin: A Master Regulator of Cardiovascular Functions
Current Medicinal Chemistry Platelets in Atherothrombosis: New and Evolving Roles
Current Pharmaceutical Design An Artificial Immune Network Based Algorithm for Diabetes Diagnosis
Protein & Peptide Letters Metformin: A Growing Journey from Glycemic Control to the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Depression
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cyclotron Production of PET Radiometals in Liquid Targets: Aspects and Prospects
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Stem Cell-based Treatment Strategies for Degenerative Diseases of the Retina
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Higher Waist Circumference, Fasting Hyperinsulinemia And Insulin Resistance Characterize Hypertensive Patients With Impaired Glucose Metabolism
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets