Abstract
The role of rhodopsin as a structural prototype for the study of the whole superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is reviewed in an historical perspective. Discovered at the end of the nineteenth century, fully sequenced since the early 1980s, and with direct three-dimensional information available since the 1990s, rhodopsin has served as a platform to gather indirect information on the structure of the other superfamily members. Recent breakthroughs have elicited the solution of the structures of additional receptors, namely the β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and the A2A adenosine receptor, now providing an opportunity to gauge the accuracy of homology modeling and molecular docking techniques and to perfect the computational protocol. Notably, in coordination with the solution of the structure of the A2A adenosine receptor, the first ‘critical assessment of GPCR structural modeling and docking’ has been organized, the results of which highlighted that the construction of accurate models, although challenging, is certainly achievable. The docking of the ligands and the scoring of the poses clearly emerged as the most difficult components. A further goal in the field is certainly to derive the structure of receptors in their signaling state, possibly in complex with agonists. These advances, coupled with the introduction of more sophisticated modeling algorithms and the increase in computer power, raise the expectation for a substantial boost of the robustness and accuracy of computer-aided drug discovery techniques in the coming years.
Keywords: Rhodopsin, adrenergic receptor, adenosine receptor, molecular modeling, docking, GPCR dimer, historical perspective
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Rhodopsin and the Others: A Historical Perspective on Structural Studies of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Volume: 15 Issue: 35
Author(s): Stefano Costanzi, Jeffrey Siegel, Irina G. Tikhonova and Kenneth A. Jacobson
Affiliation:
Keywords: Rhodopsin, adrenergic receptor, adenosine receptor, molecular modeling, docking, GPCR dimer, historical perspective
Abstract: The role of rhodopsin as a structural prototype for the study of the whole superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is reviewed in an historical perspective. Discovered at the end of the nineteenth century, fully sequenced since the early 1980s, and with direct three-dimensional information available since the 1990s, rhodopsin has served as a platform to gather indirect information on the structure of the other superfamily members. Recent breakthroughs have elicited the solution of the structures of additional receptors, namely the β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors and the A2A adenosine receptor, now providing an opportunity to gauge the accuracy of homology modeling and molecular docking techniques and to perfect the computational protocol. Notably, in coordination with the solution of the structure of the A2A adenosine receptor, the first ‘critical assessment of GPCR structural modeling and docking’ has been organized, the results of which highlighted that the construction of accurate models, although challenging, is certainly achievable. The docking of the ligands and the scoring of the poses clearly emerged as the most difficult components. A further goal in the field is certainly to derive the structure of receptors in their signaling state, possibly in complex with agonists. These advances, coupled with the introduction of more sophisticated modeling algorithms and the increase in computer power, raise the expectation for a substantial boost of the robustness and accuracy of computer-aided drug discovery techniques in the coming years.
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Cite this article as:
Costanzi Stefano, Siegel Jeffrey, Tikhonova G. Irina and Jacobson A. Kenneth, Rhodopsin and the Others: A Historical Perspective on Structural Studies of G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789824795
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789824795 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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