Abstract
Inflammation is a local or systemic tissue reaction caused by external or internal stimuli with the objective to remove the noxa, inhibit its further dissemination and eventually repair damaged tissue. Blood vessels and perivascular connective tissue are important regulators of the inflammatory process. After a short initial ischemic phase, inflamed tissue is characterized by hyperaemia and increased permeability of capillaries. Therefore, blood vessels have been in the focus of inflammation research for quite some time, whereas lymphatic vessels have been neglected. Their reactivity is not immediately obvious, and, their identification within the tissue has hardly been possible until lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific molecules have been identified a few years ago. This has opened up the possibility to study lymphatics in normal and diseased tissues, and to isolate LECs for transcriptome and proteome analyses. Initial studies now provide evidence that lymphatics are not just a passive route for circulating lymphocytes, but seem to be directly involved in both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. This review provides a summary on the basics of inflammation, the structure of lymphatics and their molecular markers, human inflammation-associated diseases and their relation to lymphatics, animal models to study the interaction of lymphatics and inflammation, and finally inflammation-associated molecules expressed in LECs. The integration of lymphatics into inflammation research opens up an exciting new field with great clinical potential.
Keywords: Lymphatic vessel, Inflammation, Lymphatic endothelial cell, Lymphangiogenesis, Leukocytes
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Lymphatics and Inflammation
Volume: 16 Issue: 34
Author(s): J. Wilting, J. Becker, K. Buttler and H. A. Weich
Affiliation:
Keywords: Lymphatic vessel, Inflammation, Lymphatic endothelial cell, Lymphangiogenesis, Leukocytes
Abstract: Inflammation is a local or systemic tissue reaction caused by external or internal stimuli with the objective to remove the noxa, inhibit its further dissemination and eventually repair damaged tissue. Blood vessels and perivascular connective tissue are important regulators of the inflammatory process. After a short initial ischemic phase, inflamed tissue is characterized by hyperaemia and increased permeability of capillaries. Therefore, blood vessels have been in the focus of inflammation research for quite some time, whereas lymphatic vessels have been neglected. Their reactivity is not immediately obvious, and, their identification within the tissue has hardly been possible until lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-specific molecules have been identified a few years ago. This has opened up the possibility to study lymphatics in normal and diseased tissues, and to isolate LECs for transcriptome and proteome analyses. Initial studies now provide evidence that lymphatics are not just a passive route for circulating lymphocytes, but seem to be directly involved in both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. This review provides a summary on the basics of inflammation, the structure of lymphatics and their molecular markers, human inflammation-associated diseases and their relation to lymphatics, animal models to study the interaction of lymphatics and inflammation, and finally inflammation-associated molecules expressed in LECs. The integration of lymphatics into inflammation research opens up an exciting new field with great clinical potential.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wilting J., Becker J., Buttler K. and Weich A. H., Lymphatics and Inflammation, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789760751
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789760751 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pharmacology and Clinical Potential of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Wounds
Current Pharmaceutical Design Risk of Bleeding Related to Antithrombotic Treatment in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Adipose Tissue-Derived Pericytes for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Herb-Drug Interactions: An Insight into Cardiovascular Diseases Based on Case Reports
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Thrombin Activable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI): Molecular Genetics of an Emerging Potential Risk Factor for Thrombotic Disorders
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders The Oxygen Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Review: New Anti-Cytokines for IBD: What is in the Pipeline?
Current Drug Targets Endothelial (Dys)Function in Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of α- and β-adrenergic Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Injuries Characterized by Edema, Inflammation and Fibrosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Vascular Resection in Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Is it Worthwhile?
Current Drug Targets Venous Collateral Circulation of the Extracranial Cerebrospinal Outflow Routes
Current Neurovascular Research Breastfeeding, Sexuality and Contraception During the Postpartum Period
Current Pediatric Reviews Renal Artery Stenosis: Current Perspectives on Imaging and Endovascular Management
Current Hypertension Reviews Nanotechnology approaches for pain therapy through transdermal drug delivery
Current Pharmaceutical Design Perioperative Considerations in Diabetic Patients
Current Diabetes Reviews Microparticles: From Biogenesis to Biomarkers and Diagnostic Tools in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: The Best Approaches for Preven-tion and Treatment: A Mini-Review
Current Women`s Health Reviews Medical Management and Risk Reduction of the Cardiovascular Effects of Underwater Diving
Current Vascular Pharmacology Designing Phage Therapeutics
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology